{"id":15784,"date":"2026-01-31T21:38:26","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T21:38:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15784"},"modified":"2026-01-31T21:38:28","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T21:38:28","slug":"7-2-17","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/7-2-17\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u063a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ghadeerj0512@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Developing a Multidimensional Measure of Academic Anxiety among Graduate Students Using Modern Psychometric Models<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Ghadir Asaad Saeed Jamamaa Hasadiyah<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> ghadeerj0512@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj72\/17' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj72\/17<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/72\/17' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/72\/17<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (2). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 278 - 288<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-01-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-01-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-02-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue2\/7-2-17.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A. S. J. (2026). Developing a Multidimensional Measure of Academic Anxiety among Graduate Students Using Modern Psychometric Models. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(2). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ghadir Asaad Saeed Jamamaa Hasadiyah. 2026. \\&quot;Developing a Multidimensional Measure of Academic Anxiety among Graduate Students Using Modern Psychometric Models.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 2. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Hasadiyah G. A. S. J. 2026. Developing a Multidimensional Measure of Academic Anxiety among Graduate Students Using Modern Psychometric Models. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-02-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(2). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-2-17\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Hasadiyah G. A. S. J. Developing a Multidimensional Measure of Academic Anxiety among Graduate Students Using Modern Psychometric Models. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-02-01; 7(2). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Hasadiyah G. A. S. J, \\&quot;Developing a Multidimensional Measure of Academic Anxiety among Graduate Students Using Modern Psychometric Models,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ghadir Asaad Saeed Jamamaa Hasadiyah. \\&quot;Developing a Multidimensional Measure of Academic Anxiety among Graduate Students Using Modern Psychometric Models.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2026-02-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a. \u0627. \u0633. \u062c. (2026). \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(2). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. 2026. \u00ab\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(2). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a. \u0627. \u0633. \u062c. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-02-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 7(2). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-2-17\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a. \u0627. \u0633. \u062c. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-02-01\u061b 7(2). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a. \u0627. \u0633. \u062c. \u00ab\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 2\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u00ab\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 2\u060c 2026-02-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/17&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n   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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629: \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 19 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0646 = 41).\r\n\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (M = 2.55, SD = 0.74)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (\u03b1 = 0.91)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.76\u20130.82)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (r = 0.85\u20130.92)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.\r\n\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to develop a multidimensional scale for measuring academic anxiety among graduate students, grounded in modern psychometric models and moving beyond the limitations of Classical Test Theory toward more robust measurement approaches. Academic anxiety was conceptualized as a latent construct comprising three core dimensions: test anxiety, fear of failure, and social evaluation anxiety. The scale was developed through a systematic process that included item generation, expert content validation, pilot testing, and internal consistency analysis. The final version of the instrument consisted of 19 items rated on a five-point Likert scale and was administered to a sample of graduate students (N = 41).\r\nThe results indicated that the overall level of academic anxiety among participants was low to moderate (M = 2.55, SD = 0.74), with relatively comparable mean scores across the three dimensions. Psychometric analyses demonstrated strong reliability, with Cronbach\u2019s alpha reaching 0.91 for the total scale and ranging between 0.76 and 0.82 for the subscales, indicating high internal consistency. Correlation analyses revealed strong associations between the subscales and the total score (r = 0.85\u20130.92), supporting the presence of a general academic anxiety factor alongside interrelated subdimensions. Additionally, statistically significant gender differences were found, with females reporting higher levels of academic anxiety across all dimensions, as well as an effect of years of professional experience, whereby academic anxiety decreased as experience increased.\r\nThese findings support the validity and reliability of the developed scale for use in higher education contexts, both for research purposes and academic counseling applications, and highlight the value of integrating modern psychometric frameworks in the development of precise and equitable measurement tools for assessing academic anxiety among graduate students.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Academic anxiety, psychometric measurement, graduate students, factor analysis, reliability and validity.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 (Putwain, 2023; Jerrim, 2023) ) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Classical Test Theory &#8211; CTT) \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 (Item Response Theory &#8211; IRT)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f (CFA) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (SEM)<\/strong> . \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 <strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (Putwain, 2023; Von der Embse et al., 2019)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong> \u2013 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0630\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (CTT) \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 (IRT) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Boateng et al., 2018\u061b Kline, 2023). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a COSMIN \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 (Terwee et al., 2018\u061b Mokkink et al., 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u03b1) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u03c9)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 IRT \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 .(Boateng et al., 2018) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 (McNeish, 2018\u061b Flora, 2020). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 IRT \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a (van der Linden, 2018).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.<\/strong>1 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 20 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>Putwain, 2023) \u061b (Von der Embse et al., 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 2.2 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 30\u201335 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 3\u20135 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. (Terwee et al., 2018\u061b Mokkink et al., 2024).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (60\u201380) \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 (0.30).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.4 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a (EFA) \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a (CFA) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a. Kline (2023)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.5 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u03b1 \u0648\u03c9 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.6 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 (CFA).<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>.3. \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0646 = 40\u201360) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629. <br \/>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 EFA \u0648CFA.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u03b1 \u0648 (McNeish, 2018: Flora, 2020)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0646=40\u201360)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a:<\/strong> \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a (EFA\/CFA) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (\u03b1)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 (\u03c9)<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (Item\u2013Total Correlation) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (McNeish, 2018\u061b Flora, 2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 (\u03c9)<\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u03b1 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong> (Test Anxiety)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong> (Fear of Failure)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> (Social Evaluation Anxiety)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (30\u201335 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629) \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0645 <strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>20 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0645 <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> (1=\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u2026 5=\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627(.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a (Table of Specifications) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a %<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a + \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0630\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a + \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a + \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>19 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0646=40\u201360)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a:<\/strong> \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a (EFA\/CFA) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (\u03b1)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 (\u03c9)<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (Item\u2013Total Correlation) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 McNeish, 2018)\u061b (Flora, 2020 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 (\u03c9)<\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u03b1 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u03b1 \u2265 0.80))\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (Putwain, 2023\u061b (Jerrim, 2023 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2265 0.80)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 <strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 Putwain, 2023)\u061b (Jerrim, 2023 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 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\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 %<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>68.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5\u201310 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10\u201320 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>+20 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (Scoring)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0635\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u2013 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627 = 1<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 = 2<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 = 3<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 = 4<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 = 5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 <strong>\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a)<\/strong> \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 = <strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 7 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong>: \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0630\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 6 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 = <strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c (N = 41) \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (Mean)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (SD)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Min\u2013Max)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2.69<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00 \u2013 5.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2.50<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.17 \u2013 5.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2.46<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.93<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.20 \u2013 5.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2.55<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.32 \u2013 5.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (Mean)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (SD)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Min\u2013Max)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2.69<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00 \u2013 5.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646<strong> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>2.4 \u2013 2.7<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 <strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627\/\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u201d<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u2013\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (0.74\u20130.93) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Reliability \u2013 Cronbach\u2019s Alpha)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631: <\/strong>\u03b1 = <strong>0.82<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644: <\/strong>\u03b1 = <strong>0.77<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> \u03b1 = <strong>0.76: <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f)<\/strong> \u03b1 = <strong>0.91: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>0.75 \u2013 0.82<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a <strong>0.91<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (Intercorrelations) <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (0.85) \u2192 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u2013\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (0.65) \u2192 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (0.85\u20130.92) \u2192 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <strong>\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> (Higher-order factor) \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 , \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Psychometrics):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 <strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (Subscales) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 <strong>CFA\/SEM<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u2013\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633:\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\/\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 10\u201320 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646:\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 (5.00 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f) \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 <strong>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 <strong>\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629\u2013\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642):\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b (t-test)<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (5\u201310\u060c 10\u201320\u060c 20+) (ANOVA)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(M = 2.55, SD = 0.74) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u2013\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (M = 2.69)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 (M = 2.50)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (M = 2.46) \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.76\u20130.82\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a 0.91\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 r = 0.85\u20130.92))\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a <strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (Gender) Differences)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c <\/strong>\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1\u20135) \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 (n = 12)\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b. (n = 28) \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 <strong>\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b (Mean)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 (Mean)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0640\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f 3 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d: \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 3 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5\u201310 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10\u201320 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>20+ \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 (5\u201310): \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 10\u201320: \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 20+ : \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0642<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0648\u0648 10\u201320 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; Exposure \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 +20 \u0633\u0646\u0629: \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a + \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a + \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628 Habituation to Academic Threat Stimuli, \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a 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\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (social avoidance strategies)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0651\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 (self-oriented perfectionism). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/1lMycVAxSpMl5RJ4UlN3LxedQF1MvROOurfoEOmPKzUA\/edit\"><strong>https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/1lMycVAxSpMl5RJ4UlN3LxedQF1MvROOurfoEOmPKzUA\/edit<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/13SyjAG_D4_0XhNqRLWtIquaWG4CigL7wPOlOYF5XVHY\/edit?usp=sharing\"><strong>https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/13SyjAG_D4_0XhNqRLWtIquaWG4CigL7wPOlOYF5XVHY\/edit?usp=sharing<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15784-_6dcrjtiijm9n\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A. L., &amp; Antony, M. M. (2020). <em>Perfectionism in anxiety and depression: A clinical perspective<\/em>. Springer.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Qui\u00f1onez, H. R., &amp; Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. <em>Frontiers in Public Health, 6<\/em>, 149. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chen, L., Huang, X., &amp; Wang, Y. (2022). Academic stress, social-evaluative threat, and gender differences in graduate students. <em>Journal of Educational Psychology, 114<\/em>(3), 648\u2013664. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/edu0000672\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/edu0000672<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Flora, D. B. (2020). Your coefficient alpha is probably wrong, but which reliability coefficient is right? <em>Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3<\/em>(4), 484\u2013501. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2515245920945186\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2515245920945186<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jerrim, J. (2023). Test anxiety: Is it associated with performance and learning? <em>Oxford Review of Education, 49<\/em>(3), 335\u2013354. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03054985.2022.2154923\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03054985.2022.2154923<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kline, R. B. (2023). <em>Principles and practice of structural equation modeling<\/em> (5th ed.). Guilford Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">McNeish, D. (2018). Thanks coefficient alpha, we\u2019ll take it from here. <em>Psychological Methods, 23<\/em>(3), 412\u2013433. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000144\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000144<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mokkink, L. B., Prinsen, C. A. C., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Bouter, L. M., de Vet, H. C. W., &amp; Terwee, C. B. (2024). COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of PROMs (v2.0). <em>Quality of Life Research, 33<\/em>(1), 15\u201330. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-023-03421-7\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-023-03421-7<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Putwain, D. W. (2023). <em>Academic buoyancy: Overcoming test anxiety and setbacks<\/em>. Routledge.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Rice, K. G., Richardson, C. E., &amp; Tu, C. (2021). Self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism in academic contexts. <em>Educational Psychology Review, 33<\/em>(1), 123\u2013150. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-019-09516-y\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-019-09516-y<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Stoeber, J. (2023). Perfectionism, anxiety, and performance in higher education. <em>Journal of College Student Development, 64<\/em>(2), 151\u2013169.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Stoeber, J., &amp; Damian, L. E. (2020). Perfectionism and coping with academic stress: Gendered pathways. <em>Personality and Individual Differences, 156<\/em>, 109714. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2019.109714\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2019.109714<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Terwee, C. B., Prinsen, C. A. C., Chiarotto, A., Westerman, M. J., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Bouter, L. M., de Vet, H. C. W., &amp; Mokkink, L. B. (2018). COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs): A Delphi study. <em>Quality of Life Research, 27<\/em>(5), 1159\u20131170. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-018-1829-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-018-1829-0<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">van der Linden, W. J. (Ed.). (2018). <em>Handbook of item response theory<\/em> (Vols. 1\u20133). Chapman &amp; Hall\/CRC.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15784","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15784"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15809,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15784\/revisions\/15809"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}