{"id":15377,"date":"2025-12-24T15:08:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T15:08:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15377"},"modified":"2025-12-24T15:08:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T15:08:40","slug":"6-12-44","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/6-12-44\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0631<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Fate of Contracts Concluded in US Dollars in Light of the Deterioration of the Local Currency Exchange Rate<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Abdo Amin Matar<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, Islamic University in Lebanon. Supervised by Prof. Dr. Mohammed Abdo<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj612\/44' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj612\/44<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/612\/44' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/612\/44<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (12). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 635 - 651<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-11-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-11-18 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-12-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue12\/6-12-44.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A. (2025). The Fate of Contracts Concluded in US Dollars in Light of the Deterioration of the Local Currency Exchange Rate. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(12). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Matar Abdo Amin. 2025. \\&quot;The Fate of Contracts Concluded in US Dollars in Light of the Deterioration of the Local Currency Exchange Rate.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 12. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Matar A. A. 2025. The Fate of Contracts Concluded in US Dollars in Light of the Deterioration of the Local Currency Exchange Rate. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-12-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(12). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-12-44\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Matar A. A. The Fate of Contracts Concluded in US Dollars in Light of the Deterioration of the Local Currency Exchange Rate. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-12-01; 6(12). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/44&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Matar A. A, \\&quot;The Fate of Contracts Concluded in US Dollars in Light of the Deterioration of the Local Currency Exchange Rate,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/44&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Matar Abdo Amin. \\&quot;The Fate of Contracts Concluded in US Dollars in Light of the Deterioration of the Local Currency Exchange Rate.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025-12-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/44&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0639. \u0627. (2025). \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(12). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646. 2025. \u00ab\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(12). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0639. \u0627. \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the fate of domestic contracts denominated in US dollars in Lebanon in light of the sharp collapse of the Lebanese pound and the multiplicity of exchange rates since late 2019, and the resulting disruption in the performance of contractual obligations and the rise in disputes between contracting parties. The research starts from the principle that \u201cthe contract is the law of the parties,\u201d as the cornerstone of contractual binding force under the Lebanese Code of Obligations and Contracts, and shows how this principle clashes with an exceptional economic reality that renders performance in foreign currency excessively burdensome or practically impossible, raising issues related to consent and contractual fairness.\r\nThe study analyzes the balance between the general rule requiring performance in accordance with the agreed currency and the exceptions that allow relief from contractual rigidity, highlighting the discharging power of the national currency within Lebanese territory, as established in the relevant legal texts, as well as mechanisms such as tender and deposit to release the debtor when the creditor refuses payment in Lebanese pounds. It further addresses the core practical dilemma of determining the applicable exchange rate for performance in national currency amid the absence of a unified official rate.\r\nIn its second part, the research underscores the legislative deficiency in Lebanese law regarding the theory of unforeseen circumstances, compared with Egyptian and French legislation, which empower judges to restore contractual equilibrium when exceptional and unforeseeable events occur. The study concludes that the lack of clear legislative intervention and unified exchange-rate standards has led to inconsistent judicial solutions and undermined contractual justice. It recommends encouraging amicable settlement and renegotiation, inserting contractual clauses that regulate methods of performance and exchange-rate references, and calls for urgent legislative action through exceptional and temporary rules to address the crisis and restore stability to dollar-denominated contracts.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Dollar-denominated contracts, Exchange rate, Discharging power of currency, Unforeseen circumstances, Contractual justice.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 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justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 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justify;\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f <strong>(\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0644)<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631. \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0627 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id=\"post-15377-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-15377-footnote-5\">[5]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 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\u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15377-_Toc182335022\"><\/a>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<\/strong>. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 (1).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong>. \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0645\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a RA. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b 1998. \u0635 75.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f: \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u062c1\u060c \u06376. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b 2016. \u0635 221\u2013226.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/em>. \u062c2: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u06372. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u061b 1994. \u0635 233.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062d. <em>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/em>. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0635 527.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (Code civil). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1134 (1804).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1195.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 100.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061b 22 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2021. <br \/>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2021\/03\/22\/ar-pub-83907\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2021\/03\/22\/ar-pub-83907<\/a> <br \/>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 28 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u062e. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646. <em>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/em>\u061b 6 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2011. <br \/>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aleqt.com\/2011\/11\/06\/article_596219.html\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.aleqt.com\/2011\/11\/06\/article_596219.html<\/a> <br \/>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 28 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/em>. 2020\u061b54(2).<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/em>. 2020\u061b50:1\u201310.<\/li>\n<li>CARREAU D, KLEINER C. Monnaie. <em>R\u00e9pertoire de droit international<\/em>. Dalloz; 2017. n\u00b0126.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0633. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646. \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2021.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645 \u062d. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2016 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621: 18 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2016).<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u0635\u0648\u0628 \u0639. \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629\u061b 17 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 7\/1958. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1958.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 61\/2014. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 16 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2014.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 16\/2016. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2016.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u064a. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2020.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0631. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 209\u061b \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2002. <br \/>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lebarmy.gov.lb\/ar\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.lebarmy.gov.lb\/ar<\/a> <br \/>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 27 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021.<\/li>\n<li><em>Harvard Business Review \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. <br \/>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/hbrarabic.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/hbrarabic.com<\/a> <br \/>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 15 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0647\u0640 \u0639. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b 15 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2021. <br \/>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alloubnania.com\/Newsdet.aspx?id=417180\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.alloubnania.com\/Newsdet.aspx?id=417180<\/a> <br \/>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629: 5 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631 &#8211; \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 &#8211; \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 22 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2021 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: 28 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629.: <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2021\/03\/22\/ar-pub-83907\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2021\/03\/22\/ar-pub-83907<\/a> <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0631\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0631- \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f209-\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a2002. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lebarmy.gov.lb\/ar\/content\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%25-D8%A9\">https:\/\/www.lebarmy.gov.lb\/ar\/content\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%-D8%A9<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: 27 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2021. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0635 527 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062c. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1134 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a Dalloz &#8211; \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (1804) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629). <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 &#8211; \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 &#8211; \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 &#8211; \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a &#8211; 1998 &#8211; \u0635 75. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062c\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 &#8211; 2016 \u2013 \u0635226,221. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0631 &#8211; \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) &#8211; 6 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2011. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aleqt.com\/2011\/11\/06\/article_596219.html\">https:\/\/www.aleqt.com\/2011\/11\/06\/article_596219.html<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: 28 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021 <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 &#8211; \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 1. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u200fhttps:\/\/www.aleqt.com\/2011\/11\/06\/article 596219.html <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 100 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644 \u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 &#8211; \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 1. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 7 \\ 1958 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1958<sup>.<\/sup> <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 61 \\ 2014 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 16 \\ 1 \\ 2014. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 16 \\ 2016 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13 \\ 1 \\ 2016. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013&#8221; \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628 &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 18 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 26 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1940. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a &#8211; 1994 \u2013 \u0635 233. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 2020 \u2013 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 :<\/p>\n<p>Comp. D. CARREAU et C. KLEINER, R\u00e9p. dr. int., Dalloz, V\u00b0 Monnaie, Juin 2017, n\u00b0126 : \u00ab le nouvel article 1343-3 du code civil s&#8217;analyse ainsi comme une norme imp\u00e9rative, au sens o\u00f9 cette disposition s&#8217;appliquera, quelle que soit la loi applicable au contrat (\u2026) le nouvel article 1343-3 du code civil jouera bien comme une loi de police, et s&#8217;appliquera d\u00e8s lors que le paiement doit avoir lieu en France \u00bb. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646: \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2020 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0643\u064a \\\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0644 \u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 50 \u060c \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2020 &#8211; \u0635 1 &#8211; \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 &#8211; \u0635 363 . <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n<p>\u201cArt.1195. &#8211; Si un changement de circonstances impr\u00e9visible lors de la conclusion du contrat rend l&#8217;ex\u00e9cution excessivement on\u00e9reuse pour une partie qui n&#8217;avait pas accept\u00e9 d&#8217;en assumer le risque, celle-ci peut demander une ren\u00e9gociation du contrat \u00e0 son cocontractant. Elle continue \u00e0 ex\u00e9cuter ses obligations durant la ren\u00e9gociation<\/p>\n<p>. En cas de refus ou d&#8217;\u00e9chec de la ren\u00e9gociation, les parties peuvent convenir de la r\u00e9solution du contrat, \u00e0 la date et aux conditions qu&#8217;elles d\u00e9terminent, ou demander d&#8217;un commun accord =<\/p>\n<p>au juge de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 son adaptation. A d\u00e9faut d&#8217;accord dans un d\u00e9lai raisonnable, le juge peut, \u00e0 la demande d&#8217;une partie, r\u00e9viser le contrat ou y mettre fin, \u00e0 la date et aux conditions qu&#8217;il fixe.\u201d <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2016\u2013 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2016<sup>.<\/sup> <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hbrarabic.com\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81\/\">https:\/\/hbrarabic.com\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: 15 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021<sup>.<\/sup> <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0648 \u2013 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u2013 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2021 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alloubnania.com\/Newsdet.aspx?id=417180\">https:\/\/www.alloubnania.com\/Newsdet.aspx?id=417180<\/a>. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: 5 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15377-footnote-24\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u0635\u0648\u0628 \u2013 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629&#8221; \u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2020. <a href=\"#post-15377-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15377","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15377"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15378,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15377\/revisions\/15378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}