{"id":15141,"date":"2025-11-29T13:27:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T13:27:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15141"},"modified":"2025-11-29T13:27:02","modified_gmt":"2025-11-29T13:27:02","slug":"6-11-55","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/6-11-55\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ahmedjami2223@gmail.com<\/p><p>\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Role of International Human Rights Law Rules in Internationalizing the Protection of Rights and Freedoms<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Ahmed Jameel Kamel Al-Ismail<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> PhD in Public International Law, Islamic University in Lebanon.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> ahmedjami2223@gmail.com Supervised by Prof. Dr. Ali Khalifa<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/55' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/55<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/55' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/55<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 855 - 877<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue11\/6-11-55.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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J. K. (2025). The Role of International Human Rights Law Rules in Internationalizing the Protection of Rights and Freedoms. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Ismail Ahmed Jameel Kamel. 2025. \\&quot;The Role of International Human Rights Law Rules in Internationalizing the Protection of Rights and Freedoms.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Ismail A. J. K. 2025. The Role of International Human Rights Law Rules in Internationalizing the Protection of Rights and Freedoms. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-11-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-55\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Ismail A. J. K. The Role of International Human Rights Law Rules in Internationalizing the Protection of Rights and Freedoms. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-11-01; 6(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/55&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Ismail A. J. K, \\&quot;The Role of International Human Rights Law Rules in Internationalizing the Protection of Rights and Freedoms,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/55&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Ismail Ahmed Jameel Kamel. \\&quot;The Role of International Human Rights Law Rules in Internationalizing the Protection of Rights and Freedoms.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/55&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0623. \u062c. \u0643. 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the role of international human rights law rules in internationalizing the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, starting from the shift from a narrow national framework to an international legal system that seeks to establish and preserve human dignity as the core of the entire legal order. The research stems from a central question: what are the pillars of the internationalization of the protection of rights and freedoms under the rules of international human rights law? It seeks to answer this by analyzing the substance of the system of internationalized rights, the scope of their application, and the nature of the obligations arising therefrom for states.\r\nThe study adopts an analytical comparative methodology through an examination of the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two International Covenants, alongside relevant international conventions and resolutions, and a comparison with the approaches of international doctrine and jurisprudence. It finds that the Universal Declaration confined itself to proclaiming general principles of human rights without elaboration, whereas the two International Covenants provided more precise detail regarding civil and political rights on the one hand, and economic, social, and cultural rights on the other, while highlighting the distinction between immediate obligations and those of a progressive nature. The study further concludes that the scope of application of international human rights law rules is grounded in the principles of universality and comprehensiveness, in the sense that these rules transcend geographical and cultural boundaries and extend their protection to times of armed conflict, in complementarity with international humanitarian law.\r\nThe findings confirm that the true basis of the binding force of international human rights law rules lies in the law-making nature of the relevant treaties and in those rules that have risen to the rank of peremptory norms (jus cogens). This enhances the shift in the protection of rights from a moral obligation to a legal obligation associated with international responsibility. The study also underscores the need to develop additional protocols and specific conventions concerning collective rights such as the right to a healthy environment and the right to development, and to strengthen international mechanisms that ensure the continuous application of these rules in all circumstances.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> International human rights law, internationalization of protection, fundamental rights and freedoms, universality, comprehensiveness, peremptory norms (jus cogens).<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 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justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong>\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2012.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1998.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1993.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c 2000.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2005.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1995.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0632\u062a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1998.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2012.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2020<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1998\u060c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2012.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2016.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 39\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1985.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2000.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f11\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2020.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 22 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u061f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f150\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2002.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u06293\u060c 2015.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 459\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f150\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f37\u060c 2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f245\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062922\u060c 1999.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f21\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f235\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2017.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2013.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1965.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2019-2020.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 2000- 2015\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2016-2017.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2022-2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1976.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1514) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1960.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1803\/\u062f-17) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1962.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1965.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2004.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/political-encyclopedia.org\/\">http:\/\/political-encyclopedia.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 25\/6\/1993\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Events\/OHCHR20\/VDPA_booklet_ar.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Events\/OHCHR20\/VDPA_booklet_ar.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2444\/\u062f-23)\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1968\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 (A\/RES\/2444)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.un.org\/ar\/A\/RES\/2444(XXIII)\">https:\/\/docs.un.org\/ar\/A\/RES\/2444(XXIII)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2676\/\u062f-25) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1970\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 (A\/RES\/2676)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.un.org\/es\/A\/RES\/2676(XXV)\">https:\/\/docs.un.org\/es\/A\/RES\/2676(XXV)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2011\u060c \u063574. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (3-15) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (14) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2000\u060c \u063522-23. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (14) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (18-21) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063522-23. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (17) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (23-27) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063579 \u0648\u063584. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u063585. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>( ) \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063588. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062c\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 242- 246. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 93. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2019-2020\u060c \u063584. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1995\u060c \u0635 46. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>( ) \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2016\u060c \u063535-36. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063551. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (7) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8221; \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635: \u0623-\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649: 1-\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. 2- \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f. (\u0628) \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629. (\u062c) \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u062f- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (14) \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8221; \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629&#8221;. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 39\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1985\u060c \u063534. \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 47. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2\/1 \u06482) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (8\/\u06411\/\u0623) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2012\u060c \u063581-82. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 22 \u060c2001\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0635100 . <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635182-183. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2012\u060c \u0635141. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1514) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a&#8221;. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629- \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635200. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0635201. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1976. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2011\u060c \u063523. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u063524. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (39\/\u0648) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2004. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635197. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-33\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f150\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f37\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635245 . <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 459\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 77. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-35\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c <a id=\"post-15141-_Hlk212323995\"><\/a>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f21\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f235\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2017\u060c \u063520. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-36\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635204. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-37\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1803\/\u062f-17) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1962. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-38\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635205. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-38\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-39\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0635206. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-39\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-40\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f11\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2020\u060c \u06359. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-40\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-41\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635133. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-41\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-42\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1998\u060c \u063521. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-42\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-43\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1965\u060c \u063520. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-43\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-44\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f245\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062922\u060c 1999\u060c \u06354. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-44\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-45\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>( ) \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u06293\u060c 2015\u060c \u06355. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-45\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-46\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>( ) \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 2000- 2015\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2016-2017\u060c \u063567. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-46\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-47\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (1\u060c 13\u060c 55\u060c 76) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1945. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-47\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-48\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635528. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-48\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-49\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u061f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f150\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 2002\u060c \u063575. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-49\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-50\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-50\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-51\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c 1998\u060c \u063579. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-51\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-52\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 . <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-52\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-53\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063587. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-53\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-54\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>( ) \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/political-encyclopedia.org\/\">http:\/\/political-encyclopedia.org\/<\/a>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 30\/8\/ 2025 <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-54\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-55\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>( ) \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063511. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-55\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-56\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 (1\/2) \u0648\u0641\u0642 (55 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1945. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-56\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-57\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629(13\/1\/\u0628) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 . <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-57\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-58\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-58\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-59\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0646\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2008\u060c \u063557-61. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-59\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-60\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2444\/\u062f-23)\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1968\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 (A\/RES\/2444)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.un.org\/ar\/A\/RES\/2444(XXIII)\">https:\/\/docs.un.org\/ar\/A\/RES\/2444(XXIII)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 10\/9\/2025 <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-60\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-61\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u0647\u064a: 1- \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b. 2- \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631. 3- \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-61\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-62\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2676\/\u062f-25) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1970\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 (A\/RES\/2676)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.un.org\/es\/A\/RES\/2676(XXV)\">https:\/\/docs.un.org\/es\/A\/RES\/2676(XXV)<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 25\/9\/2025 <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-62\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-63\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0646\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063560-61. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-63\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-64\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635231. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-64\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-65\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c 2000\u060c \u063514. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-65\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-66\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 (22) \u0648(30) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-66\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-67\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>( ) \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063543. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-67\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-68\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 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\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 76 \u2013 77. \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635 44. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-69\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-70\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Events\/OHCHR20\/VDPA_booklet_ar.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/Documents\/Events\/OHCHR20\/VDPA_booklet_ar.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 12\/10\/2025 <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-71\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-72\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2014\u060c \u0635236. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-72\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-73\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2020\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635182-183. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-73\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-74\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635237. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-74\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-75\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635122-123. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-75\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-76\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0640\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628&#8221; \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2022-2023\u060c \u063536. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-76\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-77\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c 2011\u060c \u063571. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-77\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-78\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635240. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-78\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-79\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2012\u060c \u063535-36. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-79\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-80\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635242. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-80\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15141-footnote-81\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063537. <a href=\"#post-15141-footnote-ref-81\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15141","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15141"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15143,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15141\/revisions\/15143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}