{"id":14970,"date":"2025-10-31T11:55:11","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T11:55:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14970"},"modified":"2025-10-31T11:55:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T11:55:15","slug":"6-11-32","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/6-11-32\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 (A1\u2013A2)  \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0629<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: amaniabozarka4@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Content Analysis of Activities and Assessments in the Electronic University English Course for the Beginner Level (A1\u2013A2) in Light of Higher-Order Thinking Skills According to the Common European Framework of Reference and Its Four Language Levels<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Amani Abu Zarqa<sup>1<\/sup>, Prof. Ma&#<sup>039<\/sup>;zouz Alawnah<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Graduate Studies College, An-Najah National University, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> amaniabozarka4@gmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Al-Quds Open University, Palestine<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/32' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/32<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/32' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/32<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 534 - 549<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue11\/6-11-32.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2025). Content Analysis of Activities and Assessments in the Electronic University English Course for the Beginner Level (A1\u2013A2) in Light of Higher-Order Thinking Skills According to the Common European Framework of Reference and Its Four Language Levels. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;. 2025. \\&quot;Content Analysis of Activities and Assessments in the Electronic University English Course for the Beginner Level (A1\u2013A2) in Light of Higher-Order Thinking Skills According to the Common European Framework of Reference and Its Four Language Levels.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abu Zarqa A, Alawnah M. 2025. Content Analysis of Activities and Assessments in the Electronic University English Course for the Beginner Level (A1\u2013A2) in Light of Higher-Order Thinking Skills According to the Common European Framework of Reference and Its Four Language Levels. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-11-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-32\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abu Zarqa A, Alawnah M. Content Analysis of Activities and Assessments in the Electronic University English Course for the Beginner Level (A1\u2013A2) in Light of Higher-Order Thinking Skills According to the Common European Framework of Reference and Its Four Language Levels. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-11-01; 6(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abu Zarqa A, Alawnah M, \\&quot;Content Analysis of Activities and Assessments in the Electronic University English Course for the Beginner Level (A1\u2013A2) in Light of Higher-Order Thinking Skills According to the Common European Framework of Reference and Its Four Language Levels,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;. \\&quot;Content Analysis of Activities and Assessments in the Electronic University English Course for the Beginner Level (A1\u2013A2) in Light of Higher-Order Thinking Skills According to the Common European Framework of Reference and Its Four Language Levels.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632. (2025). \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 (A1\u2013A2)  \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;. 2025. \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 (A1\u2013A2)  \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 (A1\u2013A2)  \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2025-11-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 6(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-32\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 (A1\u2013A2)  \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2025-11-01\u061b 6(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/32&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632. \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 (A1\u2013A2)  \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649A1- A2  \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f 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\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649- A2 \u2013A2 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to analyze the content of the A2 level university online course according to the CEFR framework, focusing on higher-order thinking skills across the four linguistic dimensions: reception, production, interaction, and mediation. The research employed content analysis to examine course units and related activities, categorizing them according to analysis, evaluation, and creativity skills. Findings revealed that the course primarily emphasizes analytical and comprehension skills, while evaluation and creativity skills are less promoted. Furthermore, the effectiveness of activities varied across linguistic dimensions, with some activities supporting production and interaction more than reception and mediation. These results highlight the need to redesign online content and activities to better foster students\u2019 critical and creative thinking skills, enhance engagement across all language dimensions, and ensure alignment with the CEFR standards. Such improvements can contribute to a more balanced development of linguistic and cognitive skills, preparing students to achieve academic success and higher competence in language learning.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> A1-A2 levels \u2013 CEFR \u2013 Higher-order thinking skills \u2013 University online course content.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645. (Council of Europe, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 A1 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 C2\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (Reception)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (Production)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (Interaction)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 .(Mediation) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. (Council of Europe, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (HOTS)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644. (Anderson &amp; Krathwohl, 2001). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a 2024\u20132025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>8.\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 A1-A2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 A1 \u0648A2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a (CEFR)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 A1 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 A2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. (Council of Europe, 2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a (CEFR)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a CEFR <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a (CEFR) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(Council of Europe, 2001; North, 2014).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0640 CEFR \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a A1\u2013A2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Higher-Order Thinking Skills \u2013 HOTS)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644. (Anderson &amp; Krathwohl, 2001; Zohar &amp; Dori, 2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a: \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 English Pre Basic 2\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 CEFR \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a 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C2 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. .(Council of Europe, 2001). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (2023) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0631(2021) \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0648\u0644. (Anderson &amp; Krathwohl, 2001). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Johansson (2020) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Heliyanti (2020,. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Al Maawali (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f Manalu &amp; Harahap (2025) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a (CEFR) \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (HOTS) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u0629. A1\u2013A2 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Council of Europe, 2001) \u061b( Anderson &amp; Krathwohl, 2001). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (Heliyanti, 2020) \u061b (Joshi, 2024)\u061b .(Johansson,2020) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 ((Kurt\u00e7umlar, 2021\u061b (Fitria, 2023)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (Al Maawali, 2021)\u061b( Manalu &amp; Harahap, 2025) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. (CEFR). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 Johansson (2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 (Heliyanti, 2020). \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a( (Al Maawali, 2021 \u061b (Manalu &amp; Harahap, 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a 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\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a (2018) \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Manalu &amp; Harahap (2025) \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>Joshi (2024) \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>Fitria (2023) \u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (BIPA) \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 A1\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c.<\/li>\n<li>Johansson (2020) \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 120 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a A1\u2013A2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (English Pre Basic) \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a A1\u2013A2 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 A1\u2013A2 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a. <br \/>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1): \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 (Reception)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c (Production)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (Interaction)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 (Mediation)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>15%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>40<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (40%)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (25%)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (20%) \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (15%)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2): \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (HOTS)<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>18<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>45%\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 A1\u2013A2\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (30%)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2).\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 A1\u2013A2\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (10%) \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 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\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 (%)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 (%)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 (%)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>70<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Al Maawali (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 (Closed-ended tasks) \u0644\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (A1\u2013C1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639. (2014). \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 2(1)\u060c 134\u2013.150<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0639.\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0646. (2016). \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f CEFR. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 4(16)\u060c 111.130-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3<strong>.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645. (2021). \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 6(2)\u060c 87.106-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4.\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0635.\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0631. (2016). \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a .CEFR <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/em>\u060c 20(1)\u060c 151.170-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0646. (2023). \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 5(3)\u060c 210\u2013228.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6.\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645. (2010). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629). \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7.\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0630. (2010). \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633. (2022). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/em>\u060c 8(1)\u060c 7794-.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. Anderson, L. W., &amp; Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of educational objectives. New York: Longman.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. Council of Europe. (2020). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment \u2013 Companion volume. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing. https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/common-european-framework-reference-languages<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. Johansson, S. (2020). Evaluating language teaching materials in the light of CEFR and critical thinking. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 11(3), 456\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17507\/jltr.1103.06<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. Joshi, M. (2024). Aligning ELT curricula with CEFR standards in higher education: Challenges and practices. TESOL International Journal, 19(2), 112\u2013128.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. Kedar, R., &amp; Joshi, M. (2024). Incorporating higher order thinking skills in university-level EFL curricula. ELT Journal, 78(1), 45\u201359.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. Mahmudah, F. (2023). The implementation of CEFR in Arabic language teaching at Saudi universities. International Journal of Language Education, 7(4), 88\u201397.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">8. North, B. (2014). The CEFR in practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">9. Sa&#8217;idah, N., Ahmad, R., &amp; Yusuf, M. (2024). Applying CEFR in Arabic reading instruction: A case study from Indonesia. Arab World English Journal, 15(1), 73\u201391. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.24093\/awej<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">10. Zohar, A., &amp; Dori, Y. J. (2003). Higher order thinking skills and low-achieving students: Are they mutually exclusive?. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 12(2), 145\u2013181.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14970","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14970"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14970\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14980,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14970\/revisions\/14980"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}