{"id":14902,"date":"2025-10-31T11:33:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T11:33:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14902"},"modified":"2025-10-31T11:33:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T11:33:26","slug":"6-11-14","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/6-11-14\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623. \u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623. \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062e<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mai.kanaan1983@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Content Analysis of Eleventh-Grade Training Workshops in Light of Emotional Intelligence Skills<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Mai Abdulaziz Mahmoud Kanaan<sup>1<\/sup>, Shorouq Riyad Abu Makh<sup>1<\/sup>, Prof. Ma&#<sup>039<\/sup>;zouz Alawnah<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>&#039;<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Graduate Studies College, An-Najah National University, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> mai.kanaan1983@gmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Al-Quds Open University, Palestine<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/14' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/14<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/14' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/14<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 231 - 265<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue11\/6-11-14.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A. M, Abu Makh S. R, Alawnah M. (2025). Content Analysis of Eleventh-Grade Training Workshops in Light of Emotional Intelligence Skills. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Kanaan Mai Abdulaziz Mahmoud, Abu Makh Shorouq Riyad, Alawnah Ma&#039;zouz. 2025. \\&quot;Content Analysis of Eleventh-Grade Training Workshops in Light of Emotional Intelligence Skills.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Kanaan M. A. M, Abu Makh S. R, Alawnah M. 2025. Content Analysis of Eleventh-Grade Training Workshops in Light of Emotional Intelligence Skills. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-11-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-14\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Kanaan M. A. M, Abu Makh S. R, Alawnah M. Content Analysis of Eleventh-Grade Training Workshops in Light of Emotional Intelligence Skills. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-11-01; 6(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/14&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Kanaan M. A. M, Abu Makh S. R, Alawnah M, \\&quot;Content Analysis of Eleventh-Grade Training Workshops in Light of Emotional Intelligence Skills,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/14&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Kanaan Mai Abdulaziz Mahmoud, Abu Makh Shorouq Riyad, Alawnah Ma&#039;zouz. \\&quot;Content Analysis of Eleventh-Grade Training Workshops in Light of Emotional Intelligence Skills.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/14&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645. \u0639. \u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062e \u0634. \u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645. 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2025-11-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/14&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u061b \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> Background and Objectives: This study aims to analyze the content of training workshops provided to eleventh-grade students in light of emotional intelligence skills\u2014specifically self-awareness, self-confidence, and decision-making\u2014within secondary schools in the Triangle region inside the Green Line during the second semester of the 2024\u20132025 academic year. The research is grounded in theoretical frameworks developed by Goleman and Bar-On, as well as in psychological development literature on adolescence.\r\nMethodology: A qualitative approach was adopted using directed content analysis. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 46 students and 17 members of the educational staff through open-ended questionnaires, focus groups, and classroom observations. The research instruments were reviewed and validated by experts to ensure credibility, and data triangulation was applied to enhance reliability. Thematic Content Analysis was conducted to extract key patterns and indicators.\r\nResults: The workshops demonstrated a clear positive impact on several areas: enhancing self-awareness through identifying emotions and linking them to daily contexts; strengthening self-confidence and encouraging expression, initiative, and classroom participation; improving decision-making through examining alternatives, anticipating consequences, and seeking advice; supporting self-regulation and reducing stress through practical time-management practices; and increasing acceptance of feedback. The educational staff confirmed the relevance of the workshop content to students\u2019 needs and recommended reducing group sizes, extending discussion time, and diversifying activities to better suit the digital cultural context.\r\nConclusions: The workshops prove pedagogically effective in developing interconnected components of emotional intelligence among adolescents, supporting psychological adjustment, academic engagement, and readiness for educational decision-making. The study recommends formally integrating these workshops into school programs, developing both quantitative and qualitative assessment tools, providing training for educators and parents, and offering specialized emotional support for students with higher needs.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Emotional intelligence; Self-awareness; Self-confidence; Decision-making; Time management; Content analysis.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c 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justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 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(2018)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 24 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 16.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f Fteiha &amp; Awad (2020) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 Brinto (2023)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Naurzalina et al., 2015) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627- \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646. <br \/>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627- \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<strong>: <\/strong>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2024\u20132025.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a <strong>(\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1995) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a: &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a(\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c2017).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a <strong>(\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 <strong>(\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 <strong>(\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a <strong>(\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a <strong>(\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <strong>(\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c (\u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <strong>(\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627): <\/strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 <strong>(\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 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(\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c40:2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 <strong>(\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627):<\/strong> \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 <strong>(\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627): <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a (2022) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Gul &amp; Caglayan (2018) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (2020) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Biswas (2018) \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Rani \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 (2015) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Khoriah &amp; Lestari (2023) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 Raj (2017) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a 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(\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u060c 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\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Rani, 2015) \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 100 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 15 \u064817 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Sharma, et al.2022) \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 150 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a (2001). \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a (2022) \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 300 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a (Khoriah, A., &amp; Lestari, A.2023) \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1995) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c 2007\u060c \u0635189).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u2013 Mixed Model).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"813\" height=\"492\" class=\"wp-image-14908\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-black-and-white-text-on-a-black-and-white-sheet.jpeg\" alt=\"A black and white text on a black and white sheet\n\nAI-generated content may be incorrect.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-black-and-white-text-on-a-black-and-white-sheet.jpeg 813w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-black-and-white-text-on-a-black-and-white-sheet-300x182.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-black-and-white-text-on-a-black-and-white-sheet-768x465.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-black-and-white-text-on-a-black-and-white-sheet-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;Emotional intelligence&#8221; \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u2013 Working with Emotional Intelligence&#8221; \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629: &#8221; \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 &#8220;(Goleman,2006,P.24-28). \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (9) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2006\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"922\" height=\"820\" class=\"wp-image-14909\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-the-different-types-of-intelligence.jpeg\" alt=\"A diagram of the different types of intelligence\n\nAI-generated content may be incorrect.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-the-different-types-of-intelligence.jpeg 922w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-the-different-types-of-intelligence-300x267.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-the-different-types-of-intelligence-768x683.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-the-different-types-of-intelligence-13x12.jpeg 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 922px) 100vw, 922px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 (1999)\u060c Richard Culver \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1999).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 1426 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0641\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 (590) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 GPA 3 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (289) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 GPA 2 \u0641\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a (Jamesc et al., 2005, p.1) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a (\u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(Stephen R. Covey) \u060c \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a (EQ) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (IQ) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Newman, 2008, p.3).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (IQ) \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 20% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (80%) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a (Singh, 2006, p.26).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"580\" class=\"wp-image-14910\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14902-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14902-3.png 640w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14902-3-300x272.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14902-3-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a (\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 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\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 Skillen&#8217;s (2013)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a: \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c 2013\u060c \u063575).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0645\u060c 2002\u060c \u063533).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c 2013\u060c \u063577).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a: \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0645\u060c 2002\u060c \u063534).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0645\u060c 2002\u060c \u063533).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a: \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c 2013\u060c \u063579).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (2006\u060c \u063535) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c 2007\u060c \u063542).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0646 (Lynn, 2001, p.2) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648: &#8220;\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8221; \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644&#8221; (\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c 2006\u060c \u063528).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631 (Salovey &amp; Mayer)\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627&#8221; (\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635137). \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f&#8221;. (Goleman, 2006, p. 24\u201328) \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"755\" height=\"766\" class=\"wp-image-14912\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-emotional-intelligence-ai-generated.jpeg\" alt=\"A diagram of emotional intelligence\n\nAI-generated content may be incorrect.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-emotional-intelligence-ai-generated.jpeg 755w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-emotional-intelligence-ai-generated-296x300.jpeg 296w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/a-diagram-of-emotional-intelligence-ai-generated-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 755px) 100vw, 755px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d (\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c2023) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988\u060c \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 EQ&#8221; \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 IQ&#8221;. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627&#8221; (\u0647\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c 2003\u060c \u063565).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; (potential) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 15 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a (Intrapersonal)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a (Interpersonal)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 (Adaptability)<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 (Stress Management)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (General Mood)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (11) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a (EQ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (IQ) \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627<strong>\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (Self-Awareness)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (2000) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628 (2016) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Golman, 2000).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (2008) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2010) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0636 (2003) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 Bradberry &amp; Greaves (2009) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0643&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1936\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 &#8220;\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221; (1995)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (Self-Awareness) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (247) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0646 (113) \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648(61) \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648(73) \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628. \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0645 (2016) \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2012). \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a (2021) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1995) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Bratton et al. (2011) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (146) \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0632\u0629 (2015)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (202) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 (2018) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 (224 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a (2021) \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (200) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Kenne&#8217;s et al. (2021)\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 (459 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (200) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a (2011) \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a (2013) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (34 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (2005) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 (2016\u060c \u0635290) \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 (2021) \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629&#8221; (\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u060c 2014\u060c \u063520).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f Bagri &amp; Max \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (2014). \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a (2022) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 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\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a (2020) \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a (2018) \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 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\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a (2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 (2016) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a (2020) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (2020) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Rani et al. (2015) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Khoriah &amp; Lestari (2023) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f Raj (2017) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 (2021) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Sharma et al. 2022) \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633. \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (350) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 (Mridula, 2020) \u0641\u062d\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 100 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 74% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Biswas (2018) \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 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\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629: \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c2014): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642- \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d: \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637: \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631: \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0624\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u2013 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Krueger,2000).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 (Darlington,2002).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Google Form \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633 \u0623\u0628.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (46)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (17) \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u064a \u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong> \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 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justify;\"><em>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u062d\u0633\u0651\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0634 \u0628\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0643\u062a&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c 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\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong><em>&#8220;<\/em><\/strong><em>\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0631&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644&#8221;: \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644&#8221;: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u062d&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a&#8221;: \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 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<em>&#8220;\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0631\u062e \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645&#8221;. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631: &#8220;\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/em>&#8220;. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 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<\/strong>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d. \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a: <em>&#8220;\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u064a&#8221;. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631: &#8220;\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 (\u0644\u0627) \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0628&#8221;.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645: 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633: \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0647\u060c 2021\u061b Zhao \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021). \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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(2018)<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <em>&#8220;\u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628&#8221;<\/em> \u0623\u0648 <em>&#8220;\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0623\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641&#8221;<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (1995) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a (2021) \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 (2018) \u0648Bratton et al. (2011)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0643\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a Zhao et al. (2021) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 (2021) \u0648Bagri &amp; Max \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8220;\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0651\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0624\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 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justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a 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\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0623. (2013). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/em>. \u0637 (3) \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639. (2016). <em>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 8(2)\u060c 55\u201377.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639. \u0631. \u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f (2020).. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 4(9): 62\u201379.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625. \u062d. \u062c.\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0632. \u064a (2020).. <em>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f.<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 15(4)\u060c 83\u2013108.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u060c \u062d. \u0623. (2020). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 4(34): 103\u2013121.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639. \u0623.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641. \u062d.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633. \u0633. (2022). <em>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c 19. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29117\/jes.2022.0074\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29117\/jes.2022.0074<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0645. \u0645. (2021). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 12\u060c 162\u2013173.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633. (2007). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0625. (2002). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2020). <em>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d. \u0625.\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062e. (2011). <em>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633.\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645. (2020). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/em>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d. \u0633.\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0641. (2018). <em>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 19(15)\u060c 241\u2013275.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628. (2020). <em>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/em>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641. \u0623. \u0628. (2020). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (MRK)\u060c 213(1)\u060c 213\u2013263.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641. \u0628. \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063a. \u0628. \u0633. (2022). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c 88(4). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aun.edu.eg\/faculty_education\/arabic\" target=\"_new\">http:\/\/www.aun.edu.eg\/faculty_education\/arabic<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0639. \u0645. (2010). <em>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0627<\/em>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639. \u0645. (2004). <em>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/em>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645. (2013). <em>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 22.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645. (2023). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/em>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d. (1990). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0640.\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639. (2017). <em>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641. \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u060c \u062f. \u0645. \u0625.\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645. \u0623. \u0639.\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0639. \u0645. (2024). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 48(3)\u060c 59\u201379. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mandumah.com\/record\/1522184\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.mandumah.com\/record\/1522184<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646. (2025). <em>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/em>. \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0625. \u0645. \u0633. \u0639. (2022). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 23(8).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645. (2022). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 21(1)\u060c 77\u201394.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a. \u0639. (2014). \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645. (1440\u0647\u0640). <em>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d. (2017). <em>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633. \u0639.\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0637. \u0639. (2006). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Harthi, H. A. (2020). <em>Counseling services and their relationship to self-confidence among secondary school students in Taif Governorate<\/em>. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 4(34), 103\u2013121.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bandy, P. (2001). <em>Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS)<\/em>. Indian Psychological Corporation.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Biswas, R. (2018). <em>Emotional maturity among adolescents: A comparative study<\/em>. International Journal of Applied Research, 4(9), 56\u201360.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brinto, P. A. P. (2023). <em>Enhancing emotional intelligence among secondary school students: Needs and strategies<\/em>. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 9(1), 118\u2013120.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Covey, S. R. (2004). <em>The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change<\/em>. Free Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Culver, R. (1999). <em>Academic performance and emotional discipline<\/em>. Journal of College Student Development, 40(2), 178\u2013185.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Darlington, R.B., &amp;Scott. (2002). Observational research: A qualitative research method (p.57).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fteiha, M., &amp; Awwad, N. (2020). <em>Emotional intelligence and its relationship with stress coping style<\/em>. Health Psychology Open, 7(2), 2055102920970416. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055102920970416\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055102920970416<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Goleman, D. (1995). <em>Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ<\/em>. New York: Bantam Books.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Goleman, D. (1999). <em>Working with emotional intelligence<\/em>. New York: Bantam Books.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Goleman, D. (2006). <em>Social intelligence: The new science of human relationships<\/em>. New York: Bantam Books.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">James, C., et al. (2005). <em>The role of emotional intelligence in college transition<\/em>. 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