{"id":14645,"date":"2025-09-30T20:56:38","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T20:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14645"},"modified":"2025-09-30T20:56:42","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T20:56:42","slug":"6-10-30","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/6-10-30\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u062f\u0629. \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u064a<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p>\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: barea.faraj@hotmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Technical and Organizational Challenges in Transferring Tacit Knowledge within Educational Institutions: An Analysis in Light of Participatory Culture and Supportive Leadership<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Bareah Faraj Salem Khamis<sup>1<\/sup>, Dr. Leila Al-Asri<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Researcher, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Tetouan, Laboratory of Economic Studies, Digital Analysis and Artificial Intelligence.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> barea.faraj@hotmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Qualified Professor, Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Tetouan, Morocco<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj610\/30' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj610\/30<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/610\/30' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/610\/30<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (10). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 477 - 497<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-09-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-09-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-10-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue10\/6-10-30.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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F. S, Al-Asri L. (2025). Technical and Organizational Challenges in Transferring Tacit Knowledge within Educational Institutions: An Analysis in Light of Participatory Culture and Supportive Leadership. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Khamis Bareah Faraj Salem, Al-Asri Leila. 2025. \\&quot;Technical and Organizational Challenges in Transferring Tacit Knowledge within Educational Institutions: An Analysis in Light of Participatory Culture and Supportive Leadership.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 10. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Khamis B. F. S, Al-Asri L. 2025. Technical and Organizational Challenges in Transferring Tacit Knowledge within Educational Institutions: An Analysis in Light of Participatory Culture and Supportive Leadership. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-10-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(10). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-10-30\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Khamis B. F. S, Al-Asri L. Technical and Organizational Challenges in Transferring Tacit Knowledge within Educational Institutions: An Analysis in Light of Participatory Culture and Supportive Leadership. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-10-01; 6(10). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Khamis B. F. S, Al-Asri L, \\&quot;Technical and Organizational Challenges in Transferring Tacit Knowledge within Educational Institutions: An Analysis in Light of Participatory Culture and Supportive Leadership,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 10, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Khamis Bareah Faraj Salem, Al-Asri Leila. \\&quot;Technical and Organizational Challenges in Transferring Tacit Knowledge within Educational Institutions: An Analysis in Light of Participatory Culture and Supportive Leadership.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 10, 2025-10-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0628. \u0641. \u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644. (2025). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649. 2025. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0628. \u0641. \u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2025-10-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 6(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-10-30\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0628. \u0641. \u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2025-10-01\u061b 6(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0628. \u0641. \u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 10\u060c 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 10\u060c 2025-10-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/30&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This theoretical study examines the technical and organizational challenges that impede the transfer of tacit knowledge within educational institutions, highlighting the pivotal role of participatory culture and supportive leadership in creating a psychologically safe, enabling environment for sharing practice-embedded expertise. Using a descriptive\u2013analytical review of the literature on knowledge-conversion models (e.g., SECI), participatory culture, and supportive\/transformational leadership, the study finds that inadequate tools and platforms, widening digital-skills gaps, ethical and data-protection concerns, together with bureaucracy, hierarchy, weak incentives, and the lack of formal recognition for informal knowledge, constitute an interlocking system that slows tacit-knowledge flows and weakens organizational learning and innovation. Conversely, evidence shows that cultivating a trust-based, psychologically safe sharing culture, activating communities of practice and informal networks, and adopting supportive\/transformational leadership that values initiative and empowers staff increase the disclosure of tacit knowledge and its conversion into explicit, usable knowledge. The study concludes that alignment across technical, organizational, and cultural dimensions\u2014under informed leadership\u2014is necessary to achieve effective tacit-knowledge transfer and strengthen institutional innovation. It recommends investing in interactive, purpose-built digital infrastructure; continuous digital-capacity development; fair and transparent data-governance frameworks; incentive and formal recognition mechanisms for tacit knowledge; reducing bureaucratic constraints; and empowering work teams.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Tacit knowledge; Participatory culture; Supportive leadership; Knowledge management; Organizational innovation.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>-1\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1-1\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 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\u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 1-3-2\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062f )\u0646\u062c\u0645 2005<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> (\u060c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 (\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633. \u063a. 2004) <sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 (Explicit Knowledge): \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Tacit Knowledge): \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 (Latent Knowledge): \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Unknown Knowledge): \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 )\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a 2010)<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a <sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>(Polanyi, 1966 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647&#8221; (&#8220;We know more than we can tell&#8221;). \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 ( \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0634\u064a <sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-12\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>(Nonaka &amp; Takeuchi, 1995 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a&#8221; (SECI model) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (Socialization, Externalization, Combination, Internalization) \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Socialization) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (Externalization).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Personal): \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Context-specific): \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Intuitive): \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 (Hard to codify): \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 (Sternberg, R. J., &amp; Wagner, R. K. 1999 )<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-13\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>22-3-. \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (Jenkins et autre 2009) .<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-14\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c&#8221; \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a (Jenkins, 2006)<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 )<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u063a\u0648\u0644 (2012<\/strong><sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-16\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 )<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a 2016(<\/strong><sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-17\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><strong>\u0627<\/strong>\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 <strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2018<\/strong><sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-18\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 3-3-2\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a (2010(<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-19\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup> <\/strong>\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a (2014)<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-20\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/strong> \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a (2018)<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-21\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 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justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 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\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-28\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Addressing the Digital Divide in Higher Education: Overcoming Barriers to Adaptive Learning Technology Access<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Addressing the Digital Divide in Higher Education: Overcoming Barriers to<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adaptive Learning Technology Access<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><em> Addressing the Digital Divide in Higher Education: Overcoming Barriers to Adaptive learning Technology Access.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Addressing the Digital Divide in Higher Education: Overcoming Barriers to Adaptive Learning Technology Acce\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> 2-1-3\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a (2005<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-30\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 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\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Heisig, Peter &amp; Vorbeck, Josef. (2001))<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-31\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 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\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 (Smith &amp; Jones, 2010)<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-32\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>-2\u00a03 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Edmondson, A. C. (1999)<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-33\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644 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\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 (\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 (Schein, E. H. (1993)) <sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-34\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> &#8211; \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0631. \u0641. (2012))<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-35\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u00a0<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> ) (Al Ali 2013<sup><a id=\"post-14645-footnote-ref-39\" href=\"#post-14645-footnote-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a <strong>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u062f. (2014). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>2<\/em>(4)\u060c 125-148.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f). 2016\u00a0\u00bb . (<em>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645. \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0633. \u0646. (2022). \u00ab\u00a0\u00bb\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<em> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>45<\/em>(2)\u060c 123-140.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f). 2018. (<em>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632. (2010) <em>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2010. <em>\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/em> (\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628. 2004. <em>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em> (\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632. (2012). <em>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629. (2018). \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>5<\/em>(1)\u060c 1-18.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0629. (2001). <em>\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/em>. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0640. \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645. \u0645. (2019). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c <em>20<\/em>(1)\u060c 177\u2013213.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2015\u00a0\u00bb. <em>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0632\u0629\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0<\/em> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0649. (2018).\u00a0\u00bb\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<em> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/em>\u060c <em>6<\/em>\u060c 249-270.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f. 2008. <em>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/em>. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a. 2012). <em>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/em> [\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631]. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f. 2005\u00a0\u00bb. <em>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/em>.\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a. 2005\u00a0\u00bb . <em>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u00a0\u00ab<\/em>[\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633. \u063a. 2007 \u00bb <em>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u00ab\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adel, Hasan Al Ali. (2013). <em>The Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Organization Performance<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brown, J. S., Duguid, P., &amp; Haviland, S. (2015). <em>The social life of information<\/em>. Harvard Business Review Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. <em>Administrative Science Quarterly<\/em>, <em>44<\/em>(2), 350-383.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Heisig, P., &amp; Vorbeck, J. (2001). <em>Knowledge Management Best Practices In Europe<\/em>. Springer Verlag.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">House, R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. <em>Administrative Science Quarterly<\/em>, <em>16<\/em>(3), 321-338.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jenkins, H. (2006). <em>Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide<\/em>. New York University Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jenkins, H., Purushotma, R., Weigel, M., Clinton, K., &amp; Robison, A. J. (2009). <em>Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century<\/em>. MIT Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jeon, S., Kim, Y. G., &amp; Koh, J. (2011). An integrative model for knowledge sharing in communities-of-practice. <em>Journal of Knowledge Management<\/em>, <em>15<\/em>(2), 251-269.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Luilana, S. (2007). <em>The role of tacit knowledge management in ERP systems implementation<\/em> (Working Paper).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nonaka, I., &amp; Takeuchi, H. (1995). <em>The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. (2023).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Polanyi, M. (1966). <em>The tacit dimension<\/em>. University of Chicago Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Schein, E. H. (1993). On Dialogue, Culture, and Organizational Learning. <em>Organizational Dynamics<\/em>, <em>22<\/em>(2), 40-51.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smith, J., &amp; Johnson, L. (2023). Technological challenges in tacit knowledge transfer within K-12 educational settings. <em>International Journal of Educational Technology<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(3), 201-215.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., &amp; Locke, E. A. (2006). Empowering Leadership in Management Teams: Effects on Knowledge Sharing, Efficacy, and Performance. <em>Academy of Management Journal<\/em>, <em>49<\/em>(6), 1239-1251.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sternberg, R. J., &amp; Wagner, R. K. (1999). Tacit knowledge in professional practice: Practical intelligence and workplace competence. In R. J. Sternberg &amp; L. F. Zhang (Eds.), <em>Perspectives on cognitive, learning, and thinking styles<\/em> (pp. 165-184). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNESCO. (2022). <em>Global Education Monitoring Report: Non-state actors in education: Who chooses? Who loses?<\/em> UNESCO. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.at\/en\/education\/education-2030\/global-education-monitoring-gem-report\/gem21-22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.unesco.at\/en\/education\/education-2030\/global-education-monitoring-gem-report\/gem21-22<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-1\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c\u00a0&#8221; (2012) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629-\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-2\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 2015 ) &#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0632\u0629&#8221;. (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-3\">\n<p><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>\u062f. \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0649. (2018).\u00a0&#8221; \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 6\u00a0\u060c \u0635 270-249 . <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-4\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0640. \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645. \u0645. (2019). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 20(1) , 177\u2013213. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-5\">\n<p>-Luilana, Scorta, (2007),&#8221;The role of tacit knowledge management in ERP systems<\/p>\n<p>Implementation.&#8221; Working Paper <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-6\">\n<p>&#8211; Smith, J., &amp; Johnson, L. (2023). Technological challenges in tacit knowledge transfer within K-12 educational settings. International Journal of Educationnel Technologie, 10(3), 201-215. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-7\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645. \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0633. \u0646. (2022). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 45(2)\u060c 123-140. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-8\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f ( 2005) \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0635 31. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-9\">\n<p>\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628.) 2004) &#8220;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-10\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2010). \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 25\u00a0. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-11\">\n<p>&#8211; Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. University of Chicago Press. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-12\">\n<p>&#8211; Nonaka, I., &amp; Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-13\">\n<p>&#8211; Sternberg, R. J., &amp; Wagner, R. K. (1999). Tacit knowledge in professional practice: Practical intelligence and workplace competence. In R. J. Sternberg &amp; L. F. Zhang (Eds.), Perspectives on cognitive, learning, and thinking styles (pp. 165-184). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-14\">\n<p>&#8211; Jenkins, H., Purushotma, R., Weigel, M., Clinton, K., &amp; Robison, A. J. (2009). <em>Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century<\/em>. MIT Presse\u00a0. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-15\">\n<p>Jenkins, H. (2006). <em>Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide<\/em>. New York University Presse. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-16\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0632\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 )2012\u00a0\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00a0 ( \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-17\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u00a0\u00bb (2016 )\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-18\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629. (2018). \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629, 5(1), 1-18. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-19\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632) 2010( &#8221;\u00a0 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a &#8221; (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-20\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u062f. (2014). &#8220;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u00a0.125-148 . <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-21\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f ((2018 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 &#8221; (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-22\">\n<p>&#8211; House\u060c Robert J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16(3), 321-338\u00a0. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-23\">\n<p>-Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., &amp; Locke, E. A. (2006). Empowering Leadership in Management Teams: Effects on Knowledge Sharing, Efficacy, and Performance. <em>Academy of Management Journal, 49<\/em>(6), 1239-1251. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-24\">\n<p>-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], (2023) <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-25\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0629. (2001). *\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633*. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-26\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f .\u0646\u0627\u064a\u06412006) ) &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.&#8221; \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. \u0635\u00a0.76 <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-27\">\n<p>&#8211; UNESCO. (2022). Global Education Monitoring Report: Non-state actors in education: Who chooses? Who loses? UNESCO.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.at\/en\/education\/education-2030\/global-education-monitoring-gem-report\/gem21-22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.unesco.at\/en\/education\/education-2030\/global-education-monitoring-gem-report\/gem21-22<\/a> <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-28\">\n<p>&#8211; \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633. \u063a).2007 &#8221;\u00a0 (\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u00a0&#8221; \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-29\">\n<p>-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f(2008)\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0635.3 <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-30\">\n<p>( &#8211; \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a(2005)\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0640\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0640\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0635 54\u00a0 <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-31\">\n<p>-Heisig, Peter &amp; Vorbeck, Josef. (2001). Knowledge Management Best Practices In Europe. Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.P165. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-32\">\n<p>&#8211; Brown, John Seely, Duguid, Paul, &amp; Haviland, Susan. (2015). The social life of information. Harvard Business Review Press. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-33\">\n<p>-Edmondson\u060c A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. <em>Administrative Science Quarterly<\/em>, 44(2), 350-383. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-34\">\n<p>-Schein, E. H. (1993). On Dialogue, Culture, and Organizational Learning. Organisationnel Dynamics, 22(2), 40-51 <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-35\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u0632\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632. (2012). &#8220;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635 87\u00a0. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-36\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641. \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u062f. (2014). &#8220;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(4)\u060c 125-148. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-37\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641. \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u062f. (2014). &#8220;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(4)\u060c 125-148. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-38\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2016). &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0635 66. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-38\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-39\">\n<p>&#8211; Adel Hasan Al Ali , (2013) .<strong>The Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Organization Performanc<\/strong>e ,opocit . P51. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-39\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-40\">\n<p>&#8211; S Jeon, YG Kim, J Koh, (2011) <strong>An integrative model for knowledge sharing in communities-of-practice,<\/strong> Journal of knowledge management, VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011, pp. 251-269. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-40\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14645-footnote-41\">\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641(2007)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635 33\u00a0. <a href=\"#post-14645-footnote-ref-41\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>-1\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: 1-1\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14645","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14645"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14671,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14645\/revisions\/14671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}