{"id":12850,"date":"2025-02-28T23:52:43","date_gmt":"2025-02-28T23:52:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=12850"},"modified":"2025-02-28T23:52:44","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T23:52:44","slug":"6-3-14","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/6-3-14\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: left; font-family:Times New Roman;'>EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV<\/h3><h4 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'><\/h4><p style='text-align: left; font-weight:bold;'>TAREK ABUKREBA*<sup>1<\/sup>, ABDULGHAFFAR ELOSTA<sup>1<\/sup>, WAGDI ALGAMATI<sup>1<\/sup>,  ENNAJH RAHEL<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction: ltr; text-align: left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> Libyan Biotechnology Research Center, Tripoli, Libya.<\/p><p>*Corresponding Author Email: tarek85ali@yahoo.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj63\/14' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj63\/14<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Arabic Scientific Research Identifier:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/63\/14' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/63\/14<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Volume (6) Issue (3). Pages:<\/strong> 277 - 280<\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Received at:<\/strong> 2025-02-07 | <strong>Accepted at:<\/strong> 2025-02-15 | <strong>Published at:<\/strong> 2025-03-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue3\/6-3-14.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? 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(2025). EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Abukreba Tarek, Elosta Abdulghaffar, Algamati Wagdi, Rahel Ennajh. 2025. \\&quot;EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 3. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abukreba T, Elosta A, Algamati W, Rahel E. 2025. EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-03-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(3). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-3-14\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abukreba T, Elosta A, Algamati W, Rahel E. EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-03-01; 6(3). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abukreba T, Elosta A, Algamati W, Rahel E, \\&quot;EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 3, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Abukreba Tarek, Elosta Abdulghaffar, Algamati Wagdi, Rahel Ennajh. \\&quot;EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 3, 2025-03-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;ABUKREBA T, ELOSTA A, ALGAMATI W , RAHEL E. (2025). EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;ABUKREBA TAREK, ELOSTA ABDULGHAFFAR,  ALGAMATI WAGDI , RAHEL ENNAJH. 2025. \u00abEVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;ABUKREBA T, ELOSTA A, ALGAMATI W , RAHEL E. EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2025-03-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 6(3). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-3-14\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;ABUKREBA T, ELOSTA A, ALGAMATI W , RAHEL E. EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2025-03-01\u061b 6(3). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;ABUKREBA T, ELOSTA A, ALGAMATI W , RAHEL E. \u00abEVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 3\u060c 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;ABUKREBA TAREK, ELOSTA ABDULGHAFFAR,  ALGAMATI WAGDI , RAHEL ENNAJH. \u00abEVALUATION OF CAFFEINE IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES TRADED IN LIBYAN MARKET BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY UV\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 3\u060c 2025-03-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj63\\\/14&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> This study was carried out to determine the level of caffeine in eight brands of carbonated soft and energy drinks available in local market in Tripoli, Libya. The targeted drinks included two locally produced types (PEPSI\u00ae and COLA\u00ae) and six imported types (BAISON\u00ae energy drink, REDBULL\u00ae energy drink, X MAX\u00ae, and REAL MADR\u00ae and POWER HOURSE\u00ae energy drink). Using the U.V Spectrophotometer method, quantitative analysis of caffeine was performed utilizing methanol\/chloroform as the extraction solvent. The U.V Spectrophotometer results showed that PEPSI soft drink has the lowest caffeine level (125ppm), while the X-MAX energy drink showed the highest caffeine content (425 ppm). The caffeine content in locally produced soft drinks (PEPSI\u00ae and COLA\u00ae) was low and within the limit allowed by the FDA. While most of the tested energy drinks such as RED BULL\u00ae, X-MAX\u00ae, and REAL MADRID\u00ae exceeded the established limit.<\/p><p style='text-align:left; direction:ltr;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Chemical treatment, drilling Mud, heavy metals, Portland Cement.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Energy drinks (EDs) are non-alcoholic, sugary drinks that contain varying amounts of caffeine, taurine (an amino acid), glucuronolactone, herbal extracts, minerals, and vitamins which intended to increase the physical and mental endurance (Reissig et al., 2009). The majority of people who consume EDs engage in strenuous physical activity, such as athletes and students due to their perception that the EDs act as mental and physical stimulants and enhance their performance ability (Barbara et al., 2016). Due to the widespread and long-term consumption of beverages containing caffeine naturally, such as coffee and tea, the regulation of beverages containing added caffeine has been complicated (Johnson et al., 2011) The maximum daily recommended intake of caffeine ranges from 2.5 mg\/kg\/day to 6 mg\/kg\/day for children, 100 mg\/day for adolescents, and 400 mg\/day for adults (Heckman et al.,2010). Caffeine tolerance varies between individuals, with the majority of people developing toxic symptoms at doses of 200 mg (Lesson et al.,1988). Caffeine is a natural stimulant for the central nervous system, and has effects in reducing drowsiness and restoring alertness. (Legorette al 1997).However numerous studies demonstrated that caffeine, (Spiller, 1998). Have some passive health effects such as increasing heartbeat rate, dilating blood vessels and elevating levels of free fatty acids and glucose in plasma. It has been demonstrated that 1 g of caffeine leads to insomnia, nervousness, nausea, ear ringing, flashing of light derillum and tremulosness. In cases of overdosing and in combination with alcohol, narcotics and some other drugs, these compounds produce a toxic effect, sometimes with lethal outcome (Gerald et al., 2014). Where excessive caffeine consumption leads to various health problems, such as rhabdomyolysis, which directly affects urine production (Chiang et al., 2013) and causes dehydration. In addition, ED can cause hypokalemia as well as high creatinine kinase levels and kidney failure (Armstrong et al., 2013)and tooth erosion problems due to acidic pH (Li. H et al., 2012).According to Voss and Lavin (Vos. M et al., 2013) The association of sugar-sweetened beverages with increased daily consumption leads to the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, overweight and obesity, and also reduces the chance of pregnancy (erectile dysfunction).For these reasons of number of countries have enacted regulations governing the labeling, distribution, and sale of energy drinks containing significant amounts of caffeine (Johnson et al., 2011). As a result countries including Denemark, Turkey and Uruguay have taken strict measures to completely ban energy products. Sweden has also banned the sale of energy drinks, while Australia banned energy drinks containing more than 320 PPM of caffeine(India\u2019s Food Safety and Standards Authority,2010).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Estimation of Sample Size for Energy Drinks<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Purposeful sampling was used to collect eight energy drink samples, the tow samples were brands produced in Libya PEPSI\u00ae and COLA\u00ae, and the other Six were brands imported from outside the country. (BAISON\u00ae REDBULL\u00ae, X MAX\u00ae,REALMADRED\u00ae and POWER HOURSE\u00ae). Analyses was performed by UV spectrophotometer janway6100<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Data Collection <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The samples were purchased from grocery stores. The samples were placed in a cool box with icepacks and transported to the Food Science Lab where they were stored at a temperature of 4-10\u00b0C until analysis.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sample extraction and Caffeine Measurement:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">ED drink sample was placed in a separating funnel, 1\u2009ml of 20% (w\/v) methanol and 5\u2009ml of chloroform were added, and the mixture was shaken for five minutes (Maidon et al., 2012) The absorbance containing caffeine was measured at 271\u2009nm using a UV Vis spectrophotometer (X-ma 500, England. standard stock solution (1000\u2009ppm)was prepared by dissolving 0.1\u2009g of pure caffeine in 100\u2009ml of chloroform. We prepared serial dilutions (5,10,15,20,25 ppm), measured absorbance, determined a linear regression equation, which was then used to quantify the caffeine. The final caffeine content of the tested beverage was then calculated using the concentration of the extracted sample solution.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The eight different brands of ED beverages in duplicates brands that were produced in Libya (PEPSI energy drink, COlA energy drink, ) and the six that were The eight different brands of ED beverages in duplicates brands that were produced in Libya (PEPSI energy drink, COlA energy drink, ) and the six that were imported from abroad (Baison energy drink, REDBULL energy drink, X MAX ,and REAL MADR and POWER HOURSE energy drink) have shown variable concentration . Of the samples tested, the sample of X MAX energy drink had the highest caffeine content at 425\u2009ppm.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"461\" height=\"252\" class=\"wp-image-12857\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/word-image-12850-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/word-image-12850-1.png 461w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/word-image-12850-1-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/word-image-12850-1-135x75.png 135w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study results showed that X MAX contains the highest concentration of caffeine (425 ppm), which exceeds the recommended limit in many countries. In comparison, PEPSI\u00ae and COLA\u00ae drinks contain lower levels of caffeine within the safe limits permitted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This difference highlights the difference between local and imported drinks. Imported energy drinks, such as X MAX and RED BULL\u00ae, target young consumers seeking a boost of energy, but excessive consumption of these drinks can lead to significant excess of the recommended daily dose of caffeine, posing potential health risks. Compared to previous studies and a recent study published by the University of Tripoli ( Al-Saadawi et al., 2016) which focused on soft drinks and coffee also traded in the Libyan market, regardless of the type of producing companies, high concentrations of caffeine were also found in some samples. This gives an indication of the ingredients and concentrations of caffeine added for commercial purposes. In this context, the FDA recommends a maximum daily caffeine intake of 400 mg for adults. This limit is based on individual differences in caffeine tolerance, but exceeding it can lead to toxic symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, and extreme nervousness. This makes us urgently need to adopt regulations similar to those in countries such as Sweden and Australia, where strict limits on the caffeine content of energy drinks have been imposed. Mandatory health warnings could be imposed on the labels of drinks with high caffeine levels to raise consumer awareness. And to reinforce it with healthier and more active alternatives such as exercise and proper nutrition.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CONCLUSION <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The results of the tests conducted in this study showed that the majority of energy drinks examined exceeded the allowable limits according to Libyan standards. This indicates the potential presence of elevated caffeine levels that may surpass recommended health limits, raising concerns about the possible health effects of these beverages<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>REFERENCES <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Reissig. C. J, Strain. E. C, &amp; Griffiths. R. R, caffeinated energy drinks. a growing problem, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 99, 2009.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Barbara. J, Piotr. C, Ewelina. W, Patryk. S, &amp; Piotr. C, Energy drink consumption and awareness among medical university of Lublin students, Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 190\u2013194, 2016.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Johnson Ramakant Sahu Nimisha Jadon Advisors B Mathur H C Agarwal, S. H. (2011). Caffeine content of Energy Drinks Investigators WEBSITE: www.cseindia.org POLLUTION MONITORING LABORATORY INDIA HABITAT CENTER, CORE-6A, FOURTH FLOOR Caffeine content of Energy Drinks. www.cseindia.org<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gerald, I., Arthur, D. E., &amp; Adedayo, A. (2014). Determination of Caffeine In Beverages: A Review. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 3(8), 124\u2013137. www.ajer.org<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Saadawi, E. S., Ghribi, I. M., Al-Saadawi, S. S., &amp; Al-Habeel, S. A. (2016). Estimation of caffeine concentration in some beverages and its consumption effects on a sample of students at the University of Tripoli. Academic Research Journal, 16(10), 10-24. Libyan Academy, Misrata.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chiang. W. F, Liao.C. J, Cheng, &amp; Lin.S. H, Rhabdomyolysis is brought on by excessive coffee consumption, Human Experimental Toxicology Journal, vol. 33, 2013.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Armstrong. L. E, Casa. D. J, Maresh. C. M, &amp; Ganio. M. S, Caffeine, fluid-electrolyte balance, temperature regulation, and tolerance to exercise-induced heat, Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 135\u2013140, 2007.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Li. H, Zou. Y, &amp; Ding. G, A meta-analysis of dietary factors associated with dental erosion, PLoS One, vol. 7, no. 8, Article ID e42626, 2012.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vos. M. B,&amp;Lavine J. E, Fructose in the diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Hepatology, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 2525\u20132531, 2013.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">India\u2019s Food Safety and Standards Authority, \u201cRegulatory proposals for energy drinks and caffeine (revised),\u201d 2010, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fssai.gov.in\/portals\/o\/energy-drink-standards.pdf\">https:\/\/www.fssai.gov.in\/portals\/o\/energy-drink-standards.pdf<\/a>. View at: Google Scholar<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Heckman. M. A, Weil. J, &amp; Mejia E. G, Caffeine (1,3,7,-trimethylxanthine) in food: an exhaustive review of consumption, functionality, safety, and regulatory issues, Food Science, vol. 75, 2010.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lesson. C. L, Ma. M. G, &amp;Bryson. S. M, Clinical toxicology, Journal of Toxicology, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 407\u2013415, 1988.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maidon, A. B. M. A., Mansoer, O, &amp; Sulistyarti, H. (2012). ORIGINAL ARTICLES Study of Various Solvents for Caffeine Determination Using Spectrophotometric. In Journal of Applied Sciences Research (Vol. 8, Issue 5). www.kalbe.co.id,2011.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>. 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