{"id":12076,"date":"2024-12-20T11:59:09","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T11:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=12076"},"modified":"2025-06-04T21:48:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T21:48:59","slug":"ethics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/ethics\/","title":{"rendered":"Publication Ethics and Violation Procedures"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.hnsj-policy-v2{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1100px;margin:24px auto;background:#fff;border:1px solid #dce7df;border-radius:12px;color:#243a30;font:18px\/1.9 \"Simplified Arabic\",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden}.hnsj-policy-v2 *{box-sizing:border-box}.hnsj-policy-v2[dir=\"rtl\"]{text-align:right}.hnsj-policy-v2[dir=\"ltr\"]{text-align:left;font:15px\/1.85 Arial,Tahoma,sans-serif}.hnsj-policy-v2 header{background:#17633e;padding:25px;color:#fff}.hnsj-policy-v2 header h2{font-family:inherit;color:#fff!important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.45;margin:0}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-policy-body{padding:25px}.hnsj-policy-v2 h3{font-family:inherit;color:#17633e!important;font-size:calc(1.22em + 0.44px);line-height:1.5;margin:26px 0 10px}.hnsj-policy-v2 p{margin:0 0 15px}.hnsj-policy-v2 li{margin-bottom:9px}.hnsj-policy-v2 ul,.hnsj-policy-v2 ol{padding-inline-start:26px}.hnsj-policy-v2 a{color:#125b39;text-decoration:underline;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.hnsj-policy-v2 bdi{unicode-bidi:isolate}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-card{border:1px solid #dce7df;border-radius:8px;padding:20px;margin:18px 0;background:#fafcfb}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-card h3{margin-top:0}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-note{border-inline-start:4px solid #17633e;background:#eff7f2;padding:16px;margin:20px 0}.hnsj-policy-v2 nav{border-top:1px solid #dce7df;padding:16px 25px;display:flex;gap:10px 20px;flex-wrap:wrap}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-roman{display:block;font:13px\/1.65 Arial,sans-serif;direction:ltr;text-align:left;color:#42574b;margin:4px 0 12px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}@media(max-width:600px){.hnsj-policy-v2 header,.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-policy-body{padding:17px}.hnsj-policy-v2 header h2{font-size:23px}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-card{padding:15px}}<\/style><section class=\"hnsj-policy-v2\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation><header><h2>Publication Ethics and Malpractice Procedures<\/h2><\/header><div class=\"hnsj-policy-body\"><h3>Scope and responsibilities<\/h3><p>This policy applies to authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher before and after publication. The journal protects participants, the scholarly record, and confidential assessment, drawing on relevant Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidance. This does not assert COPE membership.<\/p>\n<h3>Authorship and contributions<\/h3><p>An author must contribute substantially to the study concept, design, data acquisition, analysis, or interpretation; participate in writing or substantive intellectual revision; approve the final version; and accept accountability for accuracy and integrity. All elements are required, and substantial contributors must have an opportunity to participate in writing and approval. Funding, status, or general supervision alone is insufficient. Other contributions are acknowledged with permission. Gift and ghost authorship are prohibited. AI tools cannot be authors.<\/p>\n<h3>Author order and authorship changes<\/h3><p>Authors agree on author order and provide a contribution statement. The corresponding author manages communication and confirms everyone\u2019s approval. Adding, removing, or reordering authors requires a written explanation and agreement from all affected individuals, including anyone added or removed. Assessment or publication may be paused while the relevant institutions resolve a dispute. Post-publication authorship changes require an appropriate correction notice.<\/p>\n<h3>Authors\u2019 interests and funding<\/h3><p>Each author discloses financial and non-financial interests and professional or personal relationships that could affect, or appear to affect, the work. State the funder, grant number where available, and the funder\u2019s role in design, data collection, analysis, writing, and submission, or declare the absence of funding or competing interests. Disclosures are published in the article.<\/p>\n<h3>Reviewers\u2019 and editors\u2019 competing interests<\/h3><p>Relevant financial interests, recent collaboration, supervision, personal or institutional relationships, and competition must be disclosed before handling a manuscript. Conflicted reviewers are excluded and conflicted editors are replaced by independent editors. A recused editor does not access confidential reports or participate in decisions. The rule also applies to editorial-board submissions and special issues.<\/p>\n<h3>Editorial oversight and decisions<\/h3><p><strong>Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Ibrahim Abdelrahman Ahmed.<\/strong> The Editor-in-Chief makes the final decision to accept, request revisions, or reject, considering the review reports, manuscript quality, and compliance with journal policies. Reviewers provide scholarly recommendations and do not replace editorial decision-making. If the Editor-in-Chief is an author or has a conflict of interest, they recuse themselves from access to the evaluation, handling, and decision-making. A qualified independent editor without a conflict handles the manuscript and makes the final decision. The publisher, fees, and advertising do not influence scholarly decisions.<\/p>\n<h3>Research involving human participants<\/h3><p>Requirements cover medical, educational, psychological, and social research, surveys, interviews, experiments, and human data or samples requiring ethics review. Approval from an independent competent ethics committee or review body must precede the study where required. Report its name, approval number, and date in the methods. For exempt research or research not requiring approval, provide a documented exemption or a reasoned statement grounded in applicable rules, identifying the responsible authority. An author\u2019s assertion alone is insufficient where review is required; retrospective approvals must not be fabricated. Medical research must follow applicable Declaration of Helsinki principles and relevant rules.<\/p>\n<h3>Informed consent and privacy<\/h3><p>Participants must understand the purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, data use, voluntary nature of participation, and right to withdraw without penalty or effect on care or educational assessment. Consent is documented before participation using an ethically approved approach. Any waiver must be justified and its authorizing body identified. Protect data and minimize identifiers. Explicit publication permission is required for identifiable images or details; participation consent does not replace consent to publish identifying information. Consent forms containing personal data are supplied only following a justified secure editorial request.<\/p>\n<h3>Children and vulnerable populations<\/h3><p>Research involving children, people with impaired consent capacity, or people dependent on the researcher, including students, patients, and others exposed to coercion, requires justification, additional safeguards, and minimized risks. Obtain parent or legally authorized representative permission and age- and capacity-appropriate assent where applicable, unless a competent body permits a lawful documented exception. Respect dissent; participation must not be tied to grades or services. School or institutional permission does not replace individual permissions or required ethics review.<\/p>\n<h3>Animal research ethics<\/h3><p>Obtain prior approval from the competent animal ethics committee or authority and necessary licences, reporting the body, reference number, date, and applicable rules. Justify species, numbers, and procedures, and apply replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs). Describe housing, anaesthesia, analgesia, humane endpoints, and euthanasia where relevant. Follow applicable <a href=\"https:\/\/arriveguidelines.org\/arrive-guidelines\">ARRIVE<\/a> reporting guidance. Any exemption requires documented justification from the competent authority. Good reporting cannot substitute for required approval.<\/p>\n<h3>Data materials and analysis integrity<\/h3><p>Fabrication, falsification, misleading image manipulation, and unjustified suppression of findings are prohibited. Authors retain study records and provide a data, materials, and code availability statement where relevant. Explain confidentiality, ownership, or consent restrictions rather than promising unlawful disclosure. Evidence or data may be requested for verification with participant protections. Report methodological limitations and relevant registrations, including clinical-trial registration details and timing where applicable.<\/p>\n<h3>Plagiarism duplicate publication and references<\/h3><p>Plagiarism, undisclosed duplicate publication, simultaneous submission, and manipulation of citations or peer review are prohibited. Cite sources accurately and disclose relevant theses, preprints, and overlapping work for editorial assessment. Similarity software is a screening aid, not an independent verdict; a low score does not establish originality. Fabricated references and irrelevant citations are prohibited.<\/p>\n<h3>Allegations and investigation<\/h3><p>Send evidence-based concerns to <a href=\"mailto:info@hnjournal.net\"><bdi>info@hnjournal.net<\/bdi><\/a> with article or manuscript details and an explanation. Substantiated anonymous concerns are considered, and confidentiality is protected as far as investigation permits. An unconflicted editor assesses evidence, gives affected parties an opportunity to respond, and may request records, expert advice, or institutional investigation. Review or publication may be paused. Proportionate action may include rejection, correction, an expression of concern, retraction, or institutional notification. A first warning is not a prerequisite for addressing serious misconduct, and an allegation alone does not establish wrongdoing.<\/p>\n<h3>Post-publication corrections<\/h3><p>Errors affecting interpretation, data, authorship, or disclosures are addressed through a dated correction notice identifying the article, error, and amendment. Notices are linked to article pages and files; corrected versions and the change history are identified. Material changes are not made silently. A limited error that does not invalidate conclusions need not require retraction.<\/p>\n<h3>Retractions and expressions of concern<\/h3><p>Retraction is considered when findings are unreliable because of a serious error or misconduct, or when plagiarism, improper duplicate publication, unethical research, or material review manipulation is established. The Editor-in-Chief, or an independent editor when conflicted, issues a clear, freely accessible, dated notice identifying the article, reasons, and decision-maker. The notice is linked to the article, and the article page and PDF are marked as retracted; the record normally remains accessible. An expression of concern may be issued while serious unresolved evidence is investigated or investigations are delayed, and is updated with the outcome. Removal is exceptional, for documented reasons such as privacy protection or a legal requirement, with an explanatory notice retained where possible.<\/p>\n<h3>Complaints appeals and post-publication discussion<\/h3><p>Reasoned scholarly or ethical complaints and appeals may be sent to the journal email. An editor independent of the matter reviews them. Complaints about the Editor-in-Chief are referred to an independent editor or to the publisher to arrange independent review without interference in scholarly judgement. Evidence-based post-publication criticism is assessed, and authors may be asked to respond. Outcomes are communicated within confidentiality limits; a changed decision is not guaranteed.<\/p>\n<h3>Reference guidance<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/publicationethics.org\/\">COPE<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icmje.org\/recommendations\/\">ICMJE<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki\/\">Declaration of Helsinki<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/arriveguidelines.org\/arrive-guidelines\">ARRIVE<\/a>. Requirements are applied according to study type and applicable rules. The journal\u2019s dedicated AI policy provides additional requirements.<\/p><\/div><nav aria-label=\"Journal policies\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/ethics\/\">Publication ethics<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\/\">Peer review<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\/\">Publication steps<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\/\">Editorial team<\/a><\/nav><\/section>\n\n\n<style>.hnsj-policy-v2{box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1100px;margin:24px auto;background:#fff;border:1px solid #dce7df;border-radius:12px;color:#243a30;font:18px\/1.9 \"Simplified Arabic\",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden}.hnsj-policy-v2 *{box-sizing:border-box}.hnsj-policy-v2[dir=\"rtl\"]{text-align:right}.hnsj-policy-v2[dir=\"ltr\"]{text-align:left;font:15px\/1.85 Arial,Tahoma,sans-serif}.hnsj-policy-v2 header{background:#17633e;padding:25px;color:#fff}.hnsj-policy-v2 header h2{font-family:inherit;color:#fff!important;font-size:27px;line-height:1.45;margin:0}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-policy-body{padding:25px}.hnsj-policy-v2 h3{font-family:inherit;color:#17633e!important;font-size:calc(1.22em + 0.44px);line-height:1.5;margin:26px 0 10px}.hnsj-policy-v2 p{margin:0 0 15px}.hnsj-policy-v2 li{margin-bottom:9px}.hnsj-policy-v2 ul,.hnsj-policy-v2 ol{padding-inline-start:26px}.hnsj-policy-v2 a{color:#125b39;text-decoration:underline;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.hnsj-policy-v2 bdi{unicode-bidi:isolate}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-card{border:1px solid #dce7df;border-radius:8px;padding:20px;margin:18px 0;background:#fafcfb}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-card h3{margin-top:0}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-note{border-inline-start:4px solid #17633e;background:#eff7f2;padding:16px;margin:20px 0}.hnsj-policy-v2 nav{border-top:1px solid #dce7df;padding:16px 25px;display:flex;gap:10px 20px;flex-wrap:wrap}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-roman{display:block;font:13px\/1.65 Arial,sans-serif;direction:ltr;text-align:left;color:#42574b;margin:4px 0 12px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}@media(max-width:600px){.hnsj-policy-v2 header,.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-policy-body{padding:17px}.hnsj-policy-v2 header h2{font-size:23px}.hnsj-policy-v2 .hnsj-card{padding:15px}}<\/style><section class=\"hnsj-policy-v2\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation><header><h2>Generative AI Policy<\/h2><\/header><div class=\"hnsj-policy-body\"><h3>Human responsibility and authorship<\/h3><p>Assistive tools may be used responsibly and transparently. AI cannot be an author or assume research accountability. Human authors remain fully responsible for accuracy, originality, source verification, usage rights, and ethical compliance.<\/p>\n<h3>Disclosure in the manuscript<\/h3><p>Disclose at submission and in the article the tool, provider, version or date of use, purpose, affected parts, and human verification. Writing or translation assistance is described in a disclosure or acknowledgements statement. AI used in data collection, analysis, or figure generation is described in the methods with enough detail for assessment and, where possible, reproduction. Substantive generative assistance must be disclosed; conventional non-generative spelling checks alone do not require a statement.<\/p>\n<h3>Unacceptable uses<\/h3><p>Fabricating data, participants, findings, or references, concealing image manipulation, or presenting generated material as genuine observational evidence is prohibited. Synthetic images or materials must be clearly labelled and methodologically justified. A tool\u2019s answer is not a substitute for verifying the original scholarly source.<\/p>\n<h3>Confidentiality and data protection<\/h3><p>Participant data, manuscripts, and protected or confidential material must not be sent to external services without a lawful basis, appropriate permissions, and safeguards. Check tool terms and reuse rights. AI does not remove ethics approval or informed-consent obligations.<\/p>\n<h3>Reviewers and editors<\/h3><p>Unpublished manuscripts, review reports, and confidential data must not be uploaded to unapproved external AI tools. Peer-review responsibility and final editorial decisions must not be delegated to AI. Any editorially permitted assistive use must preserve confidentiality and be disclosed to the handling editor.<\/p>\n<h3>Verification and breaches<\/h3><p>The journal may request explanations or relevant records, require revised disclosure, reject a manuscript, or correct the record according to evidence. AI detection scores alone do not establish misconduct. Authors may respond under the ethics and complaints policies. Enquiries: <a href=\"mailto:info@hnjournal.net\"><bdi>info@hnjournal.net<\/bdi><\/a>.<\/p><\/div><nav aria-label=\"Journal policies\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/ethics\/\">Publication ethics<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\/\">Peer review<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\/\">Publication steps<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\/\">Editorial team<\/a><\/nav><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12076","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12076"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13778,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12076\/revisions\/13778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}