{"id":12059,"date":"2024-12-14T06:52:20","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T06:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=12059"},"modified":"2024-12-14T06:52:22","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T06:52:22","slug":"5-12-32","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-12-32\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Al-Aqqad’s efforts in literary criticism of the book “Abu Nawas Al-Hasan bin Al-Hani” as a model<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: sska2008@hotmail.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HNSJ, 2024, 5(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj512\/32<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642<\/h4> \t\t\n<\/textarea> \n<style>\n#citationtitle {\nfont-family:verdana;\n}\n#value {\nfont-family:adobe arabic;\n background-color:#FFF;\n width:700px;\nheight:70px;\n}\n#language.option{\ntype:text;\n}\n<\/style>\n \t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> \n \t\t\tfunction update() { \n \t\t\t\tvar select = document.getElementById('language'); \n \t\t\t\tvar option = select.options[select.selectedIndex]; \n \t\t\t\tdocument.getElementById('value').value = option.value; \n \t\t\t} \n \t\t\tupdate(); \n \t\t<\/script> \n \t<\/body> \n <\/html> \n\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0626” \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 “\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0646”\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\nAbstract <\/strong><\/p>\nThis research deals with the efforts of Abbas Mahmoud Al-Akkad in literary criticism, taking his book “Abu Nawas Al-Hassan bin Al-Hani” as a model for studying his critical approach. The research reviews Al-Akkad’s analytical-rational approach, his reliance on the psychological analysis of the poet, in addition to his innovative vision of Arabic poetry. It sheds light on how Al-Akkad re-read the character of Abu Nawas, as he went beyond the stereotypical image that reduced him to being a “poet of debauchery”, revealing deeper psychological and social dimensions in his poetry.<\/p>\nThe research also focused on Al-Akkad’s book’s impact on literary studies, as he introduced the psychological dimension into the analysis of literary texts. It seeks to highlight this book’s impact on modern literary criticism, in terms of moving from the formal view to the psychological and social analysis of literary texts and literary characters.<\/p>\nKey Words: <\/strong>Al-Akkad, Abu Nawas, literary criticism, psychological analysis, analytical approach.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f (1889-1964) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c 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2005). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 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\u0648\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u060c 1980).<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a: <\/strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 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\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c 2003).<\/p>\n3. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a: <\/strong>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 1988).<\/p>\n4. \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631: <\/strong>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633” \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f (\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0628\u060c 2013).<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0626”<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633” \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064f\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647. \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633” \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c 2013):<\/p>\n1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u0642\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c 2005).<\/p>\n2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631: <\/strong>\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0634\u060c 1990).<\/p>\n3. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647. \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 1988).<\/p>\n4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a: <\/strong>\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c 1991).<\/p>\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a (1996)<\/strong><\/p>\n1. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633: <\/strong>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a “\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0646”\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643.<\/p>\n2. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646: <\/strong>\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a: \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n5. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633: \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n7. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n8. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n9. \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n10. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a: \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2013). \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627. \u06371 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646. (1980). \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1990). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c (\u062f.\u0637)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2003). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u062f\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1999). \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635. \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644. (2013). \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (1988). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f. \u06375\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a. (1995). \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c. (1987). \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u06375\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (2005). \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2005) \u0623\u0646\u0627. (\u062f.\u0637) \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2017). \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0626. \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627. (1996). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. (2010). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0642\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631. (2005) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648. (1991). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621. (1988). \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0626” \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 Al-Aqqad’s efforts in literary criticism of the book “Abu Nawas Al-Hasan bin Al-Hani” as a model \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12059","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12059"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12060,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12059\/revisions\/12060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}}