{"id":11148,"date":"2024-09-03T17:12:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T17:12:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=11148"},"modified":"2024-09-03T17:12:40","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T17:12:40","slug":"5-5-32","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-5-32\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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HNSJ, 2024, 5(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj55\/32<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Prince Saif al-Din Mankutmar, who died in the year (698 AH \/ 1299 AD(<\/strong><\/p>\n

Published at 01\/05\/2024 Accepted at 15\/04\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Prince Saif al-Din Mankutmur al-Husami is one of the most prominent Mamluk princes who lived during the reign of Sultan Hussam al-Din Lajin. He gained wide influence that enabled him to manage many aspects of public life, especially on the political and military levels, if not the administrative level. After assuming the position of deputy, he obtained absolute powers and his influence on the Sultan became great, to the point that it led to the princes\u2019 resentment of the Sultan and caused the Sultan to be killed and then killed.<\/p>\n

The research was divided into several paragraphs in which his name, positions, and role in the government were addressed, and then his death. According to the historical research methodology, we used the analytical inductive method in writing the research.<\/p>\n

Several sources and references were adopted in writing the research, especially from Mamluk history sources.<\/p>\n

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\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b \/ \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 : <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. () \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (\u062a: 748\u0647\/1347\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c\u060c\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: 2000)\u060c \u062c52 , \u0635 368 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. () \u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0646” \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: 1999)\u060c \u0635194. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: 1987\u0645)\u060c \u063591\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a: \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c (\u062a: 845\u0647\u0640\/1441\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: 1997\u0645)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635274\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (\u062a: 855\u0647\u0640\/1451\u0645)\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f. \u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: 2010\u0645)\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635345\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646\u060c (\u062a: 874\u0647\u0640\/1469\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: 1997\u0645)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u063551\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: 2002\u0645)\u060c \u062c9\u060c \u0635166\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0633: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (\u062a: 930\u0647\u0640\/1523\u0645)\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0632\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: 1975\u0645)\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u06421\u060c \u0635394\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c (\u062a: 1019\u0647\/1610\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c (\u062f. \u0645: 1992\u0645)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635278. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
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  13. () \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (697\u0647\u0640\/ 1297\u0645). \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c3\u060c \u0635 \u0635419- 420. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. () \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635200. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635280\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635363. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. () \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a: \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (711\u0647\u0640\/ 1311\u0645). \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635322- 323. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. () \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a: \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0635175\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 \u0635149- 150\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c30\u060c \u0635 \u0635205- 211\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635369\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635339\u060c 341\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c52\u060c \u063555\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c13\u060c \u0635350\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635232\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635280\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u063588. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. () \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635316. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635307. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635133 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. () \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635407. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. () \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635407. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635284. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  24. () \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635284. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. () \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u062b\u064a: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u063a\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (699\u0647\u0640\/1299 \u0645)\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u063542\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c10\u060c \u0635176. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  27. () \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635404. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  28. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635284. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  29. () \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0637: \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0634\u0649\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u063556\u061b \u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u0635 92\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0635 185 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  30. () \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635211. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  31. () \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (706\u0647\u0640\/ 1306\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635512\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u063591. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  32. () \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635100- 101\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635370. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  33. () \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (711\u0647\u0640\/ 1311\u0645)\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635103. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  34. () \u0642\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0637: \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0647\u0646\u062a\u0633: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c (\u062f.\u0645: \u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u063598\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635244. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  35. () \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c1\u060c \u0635113\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635289- 290. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  36. ()\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635290. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  37. () \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u063593\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635208. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  38. () \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0634\u0649\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635396\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0635183. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  39. () \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635218\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0634\u0649\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635397. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  40. () \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0637: \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u0635214. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  41. () \u0647\u064f\u0648: \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0635. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635290\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0634\u0649\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635383. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  42. () \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635495\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u063593. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  43. () \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u064a\u0645: (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u0635 \u0635100- 101. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  44. () \u0633\u0645\u0647\u0648\u062f: \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0635\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635290. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  45. () \u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0629: (\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0641 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635239. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  46. () \u0627\u062f\u0641\u0648: \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635126. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  47. () \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u062c31\u060c \u0635218- 219\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635290\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635 \u063593- 94\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635397. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  48. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u062c\u0645\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0635 \u0635296- 297. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  49. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635291\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635594\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u06421\u060c \u0635497. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  50. () \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u063595. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  51. () \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0632: \u062c\u0645\u0639 (\u062e\u0628\u0632) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u0635 \u063566- 67\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635113. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  52. () \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c\u060c \u0635291. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  53. ()\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c 291\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u063595 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  54. () \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635157\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635241\u061b \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0635222\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0635238. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  55. () \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641: \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c (\u062a: 183\u0647\u0640\/ 280\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f- \u0637\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: 1979) \u060c \u06351022\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064f\u0628\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c (\u062a: 224\u0647\u0640\/ 796\u0645)\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642: \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0635 \u063530- 34\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c (\u062a: 450\u0647\u0640\/ 1015\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0635221. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  56. () \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0635223. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  57. () \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (691\u0647\u0640\/ 1292\u0645) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 (\u0633\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637) \u0648\u062b\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 \u0635373- 374\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0635 \u0635238- 239\u061b \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0635222. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  58. () \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0635136. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  59. () \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 (694\u0647\u0640\/ 1294\u0645)\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0636\u062f\u0647. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635287\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f: \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 (716-736\u0647\/1316-1335\u0645)\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: 2000)\u060c \u063533\u061b \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0635135- 136. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  60. ()\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635316\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635284\u061b \u0637\u0642\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0635222. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  61. () \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635386. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  62. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635317\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 \u0635375 \u2013 376\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635222\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635 \u0635374- 375\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635427- 428\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635236\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635299\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635 \u063596- 97\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635 \u0635388- 389. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  63. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635297. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  64. () \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635 373\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635425\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635297. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  65. () \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c1\u060c \u0635172\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635223\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635245\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u063596. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  66. () \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a: \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0635. \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (702\u0647\u0640\/ 1302\u0645). \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635 \u063537- 38. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  67. () \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628: \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635293. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  68. () \u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u062d (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c (\u062a: 365\u0647\u0640\/ 975\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: 1996\u0645)\u060c \u0635 \u0635459 \u2013 460\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0635483. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  69. () \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635180 \u2013 181\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635425 \u2013 426\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635389. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  70. () \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0635175\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635316\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635225\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635376\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c52\u060c \u063555\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635158\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 \u0635280\u060c 284- 297\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635100. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  71. () \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c 316. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  72. () \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0635176\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 \u0635320- 321\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635 \u0635217 \u2013 219\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635389- 390\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635161\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635324\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 \u0635289- 291\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635 \u063590 \u2013 95\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c3\u060c \u0635 \u0635 396- 397\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u06421\u060c \u0635 \u0635396- 397\u061b \u0635 176 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  73. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 \u0635223- 224\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635 \u0635225- 226\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635300\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635 \u0635100- 101\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635422. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  74. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635323\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635226\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635 \u0635422- 423. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  75. () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635299. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  76. () \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635102\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635226\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635300 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  77. () \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0629: \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 352. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  78. () \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a: \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0635177\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635324\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635378\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635226 \u2013 227\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635378\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635429- 430\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635238\u061b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635172\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635225\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 \u0635300- 301\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635426 \u2013 430\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u06421\u060c \u0635398- 399. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  79. () \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0647: \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0644\u064a , \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0635135. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  80. \n

    () \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635324\u061b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c1\u060c \u0635183\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c31\u060c \u0635227\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635 \u0635379- 370\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 \u0635429 \u2013 430\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635326\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635301\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635103. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 (698\u0647\u0640 \/1299\u0645) \u062f. \u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a1 1 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Duha.H@ircoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq HNSJ, 2024, 5(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj55\/32 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11148","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11148"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11150,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11148\/revisions\/11150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}