{"id":11011,"date":"2024-09-01T13:39:01","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T13:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=11011"},"modified":"2024-09-06T14:29:27","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:29:27","slug":"5-9-15","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-9-15\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u062f. \u0631\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632^{1<\/sup> \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0645^{2<\/sup><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n^{1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Raghdaa.fayez@uobasrah.edu.iq<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n}
\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Ahmed.daim1@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
HNSJ, 2024, 5(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj59\/15<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1588\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (1578 – 1603\u0645) \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (1549 – 1621\u0645)(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-5\">[5]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a 1001\u0647\u0640\/1592\u0645) \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650\u063a\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644 “\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629”<\/strong>. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627”<\/strong> (Spanish Armada) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (Philippe II) (1527 – 1598\u0645) \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 ( (Elizabeth I (1559 – 1603\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 “\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0650\u0631\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/strong><a id=\"post-11011-_Hlk168381523\"><\/a>” (<\/sup><\/strong><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-6\">[6]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 (Henri VIII) (1509 \u2013 1547\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (Mary Tudor) \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1509 – 1533\u0645) \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646 (Ferdinand II of Aragon) \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Isabella I of Castile)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1558\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1559\u0645(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-7\">[7]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 (Francis Drake) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0643\u0646\u0632 (John Hawkins) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-8\">[8]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 “\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0647”(<\/sup><\/strong><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-9\">[9]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 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id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-15\">[15]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627 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\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (Ant\u00f3nio de Saldanha) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0628\u062d \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0622\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648 (Branquinho)\u060c (\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636)(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-17\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-17\">[17]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0647(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-18\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-18\">[18]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/p>\n\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-20\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-20\">[20]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-21\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-21\">[21]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-22\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-22\">[22]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0633 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-23\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-23\">[23]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1588\u0645\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “<\/strong><a id=\"post-11011-_Hlk168403336\"><\/a>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627”(<\/sup><\/strong><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-24\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-24\">[24]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 (Martin Luther)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (Henri III de Valois) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1589\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648 (Ch\u00e2teau de Saint-Cloud) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Jacques Cl\u00e9ment)\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a (Huguenot) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-25\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-25\">[25]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (Henri IV) (1553 – 1610\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 (Navarra)(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-26\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-26\">[26]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1589\u0645(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-27\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-27\">[27]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1596\u0645(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-28\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-28\">[28]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649(<\/sup><a id=\"post-11011-endnote-ref-29\" href=\"#post-11011-endnote-29\">[29]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a 21 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1596\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (Lord Thomas Howard) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a (Sir Walter Raleigh) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631 (Paul Hammer) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 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\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0626 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631:\nCory (Stephen Charles), Reviving the Islamic Caliphate in Early Modern Morocco<\/strong>, Routledge, 2013, pp. 98-100. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 1986\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 316. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0763\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c 1954\u060c \u0635 152. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648. \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2005\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 322-326. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b (1603-1558\u0645)<\/strong>\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 13-23.\nGuy (John), Tudor England<\/strong>, Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 111-123. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640Bicheno (Hugh), Elizabeth’s Sea Dogs: How England’s Mariners Became the Scourge of the Seas<\/strong>, Conway Maritime, London, 2012, p. 133. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0763\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 153. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0763\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 153-154. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 155. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 155-156. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0629 16. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0763\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 154.\nMatar (Nabil), Europe Through Arab Eyes,<\/strong> 1578-1727<\/strong>, Columbia University Press, New York, 2008, pp. 146-147. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Abun-Nasr (Jamil M.), A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period<\/strong>, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1987, p. 215. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 45. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 52-54.\nSmith (Richard Lee), Ahmad Al-mansur\u00a0: Islamic Visionary<\/strong>, Pearson Longman, New York, 2006, p. 50. Cory (S.Ch.), Reviving the Islamic Caliphate\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 130-133. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 1972\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 110-112. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 352-353.\nSmith (R. L.), Ahmad Al-mansur\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 46-48. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 58-94- 178. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0649<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 184-185. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 94-145. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 209-210. \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0642\u0631\u0646 11. \u0642\u0631\u0646 17) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0631\u0628\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 2023\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 68-116-231.\nGarc\u00eda-Arenal )Mercedes( y Wiegers (Gerard), Un hombre en tres mundos: Samuel Pallache, un jud\u00edo marroqu\u00ed en la Europa protestante y en la cat\u00f3lica<\/strong>, Siglo XXI, Madrid, 2006, p. 44. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635176. \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 293. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Ibid, pp. 256-261. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u0637\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u06ad\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 194-195.\nErlanger (Philippe), Les Guerres de religion<\/strong>, \u00c9ditions Tallandier, Paris, 1971, p. 242. Minois (Georges), Le Couteau et le poison\u00a0: L’assassinat politique en Europe (1400-1800)<\/strong>, Fayard, Paris, 1997, p. 223. Le Roux (Nicolas), Un r\u00e9gicide au nom de Dieu : L’assassinat d’Henri III<\/strong>, Gallimard, Paris, 2006, p. 18. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635 195. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 194.\nWernham (R. B.), (1988). The Expedition of Sir John Norris and Sir Francis Drake to Spain and Portugal<\/strong>, 1589, Temple Smith for the Navy Records Society. p. 341. Gorrochategui Santos (Luis), The English Armada : The Greatest Naval Disaster in English History<\/strong>, Bloomsbury, Oxford, 2018, p. 245. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 194. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 194. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 Matar (Nabil), Europe Through Arab Eyes\u2026<\/strong>, Op.Cit, p. 159. Hammer (Paul), \u00ab\u00a0New Light on the Cadiz Expedition of 1596\u00a0\u00bb, in Historical Research<\/em><\/strong>, 1997, p. 182.\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 196. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 Wernham (R. B.), The Return of the Armadas : The Last Years of the Elizabethan War against Spain 1595-1603<\/strong>, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994, p. 108. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 195. \u062f\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 120. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-33\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631:\n\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1997\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 145-146. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 191-197. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-35\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 Yahya )Darihu(, Morocco in the Sixteenth Century: Problems and Patterns in African Foreign Policy<\/strong>, Humanities Press, 1981, pp. 180-181. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-36\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 194-195. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-37\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda-Arenal (M.), Mediano (F.R.), y El-Hour (R.), Cartas marruecas\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, p. 64. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-38\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 193-194. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-38\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-39\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635 197. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-39\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-40\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques d’Angleterre, Tome II, document LXXIX, pp. 210-215. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-40\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-41\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 251-410. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 229-231. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 68-69. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 1988\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 146-157. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635 280. \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635 60.\nCory (S.Ch.), Reviving the Islamic Caliphate\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 98-100. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-41\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-42\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques d’Angleterre, Tome II, document XLIX, pp. 143-144. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-42\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-43\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Gilbert (C. M.), In Good Faith\u2026<\/strong>, p. 111. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-43\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-44\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Gruzinski (Serge), Las cuatro partes del mundo. Historia de una mundializaci\u00f3n<\/strong>, Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica, M\u00e9xico, 2010, pp. 25-27. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-44\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-45\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 79. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-45\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-46\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 Garc\u00eda Arenal (M.), Ahmad al-Man\u1e63\u016br\u2026<\/strong>, p. 76. Cory (S.Ch.), Reviving the Islamic Caliphate\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 98-100. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-46\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-47\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Gilbert (C. M.), In Good Faith\u2026<\/strong>, pp. 108-117. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-47\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-48\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 Garc\u00eda-Arenal (Mercedes), Mediano (Fernando Rodr\u00edguez), y El-Hour (Rachid), Cartas marruecas: Documentos de Marruecos en archivos espa\u00f1oles<\/strong>, CSIC, Madrid, 2002, pp. 19-20. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-48\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-49\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda Arenal (M.), Ahmad al-Man\u1e63\u016br\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 26-28-68- 89. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-49\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-50\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 208. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1971\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 226. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 607. \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c 1994\u060c \u0635 72. \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 244-246. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-50\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-51\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 246.\nGarc\u00eda Arenal (M.), Ahmad al-Man\u1e63\u016br\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 68- 89. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-51\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-52\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 Garc\u00eda Arenal (Mercedes), Ahmad al-Man\u1e63\u016br\u00a0: The Beginnings of Modern Morocco<\/strong>, Oneworld, Oxford, 2009, pp. 59-62. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-52\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-53\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Cabanelas (Dar\u00edo), \u00ab\u00a0El morisco granadino Alonso del Castillo, int\u00e9rprete de Felipe II\u00a0\u00bb, en Miscel\u00e1nea de estudios \u00e1rabes y hebraicos. Secci\u00f3n \u00c1rabe-Islam<\/em><\/strong>, Vol. 5, 1956, pp. 20 y 24, nota 11. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-53\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-54\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Mu\u00f1oz Buend\u00eda (Antonio), \u00ab\u00a0Diego Mar\u00edn, cl\u00e9rigo y agente diplom\u00e1tico de Felipe II\u00a0\u00bb, y \u00ab\u00a0Diego Mar\u00edn, diplom\u00e1tico y militar\u00a0\u00bb, en Diccionario Biogr\u00e1fico de Almer\u00eda<\/em><\/strong>, Instituto de Estudios Almerienses- Fundaci\u00f3n Cajamar, Almer\u00eda, 2006, pp. 235-238.\n\u0645\u0631\u062b\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 161-162. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-54\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-55\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Elliott (John Huxtable), Espa\u00f1a en Europa: Estudios de historia comparada<\/strong>, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia. 2002, pp. 79-80.\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u0635 145. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-55\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-56\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 de la V\u00e9ronne (Chantal), \u00ab S\u00e9jour en Andalousie de deux princes sa\u2018diens apr\u00e8s la bataille d\u2019el-Q\u00e7ar el-Kebir [1589-1595] \u00bb, REMM<\/em><\/strong>, n\u00ba 7, 1970, pp. 187-194.\n\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 205. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-56\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-57\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Cabanelas (Dar\u00edo), \u00ab\u00a0Diego Mar\u00edn, agente de Felipe II en Marruecos\u00bb, en Miscel\u00e1nea de estudios \u00e1rabes y hebraicos. Secci\u00f3n \u00c1rabe-Islam<\/em><\/strong>, Vol. 21, 1972, pp. 10-12. Garc\u00eda-Arenal (Mercedes) and Mediano (Fernando Rodr\u00edguez), The Orient in Spain\u00a0: Converted Muslims, the Forged Lead Books of Granada, and the Rise of Orientalism<\/strong>, Brill, Leiden, 2013, pp. 133-136. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-57\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-58\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Cabanelas (D.), Diego Mar\u00edn, agente de Felipe II\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 15-16-23. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-58\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-59\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631:\nGarc\u00eda-Arenal (M.), Mediano (F.R.), y El-Hour (R.), Cartas marruecas\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 20-22. Cabanelas (D.), Diego Mar\u00edn, agente de Felipe II\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 26-27. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-59\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-60\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda-Arenal (M.), Mediano (F.R.), y El-Hour (R.), Cartas marruecas\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 65-67. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-60\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-61\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda-Arenal (M.) and Mediano (F. R.), The Orient in Spain…<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 225-226. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-61\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-62\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 282-288. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-62\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-63\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 291.\nGarc\u00eda-Arenal (M.) and Mediano (F. R.), The Orient in Spain…<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 235-236. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-63\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-64\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u062f\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 68-71-81. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-64\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-65\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques d’Angleterre, Tome I, document CLXXX, pp. 490-491. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-65\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-66\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques d’Angleterre, Tome II, document XLIX, pp. 143-146. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-66\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-67\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Gilbert (Claire M.), In Good Faith : Arabic Translation and Translators in Early Modern<\/strong> Spain<\/strong>, University of Pennsylvania Press, philadelphia, 2020, pp. 118-119. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-67\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-68\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 1996\u060c \u0635 6. \u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a “\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 14-15. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-68\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-69\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques Des Pays-Bas, Tome III, document XXXI, pp. 105-108. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-69\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-70\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda-Arenal (M.), Mediano (F.R.), y El-Hour (R.), Cartas marruecas\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 337-339. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-70\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-71\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda-Arenal (M.), Mediano (F.R.), y El-Hour (R.), Cartas marruecas\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 367-372. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-71\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-72\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0643\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u062e\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 45. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-72\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-73\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 134. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-73\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-74\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 32.7 \u0643\u0644\u0645. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-74\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-75\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 61-65. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-75\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-76\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 74. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-76\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-77\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Cory (S.Ch.), Reviving the Islamic Caliphate\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 87-89. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-77\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-78\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques d’Angleterre, Tome II, document VII, pp. 18-20. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-78\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-79\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Ibid, pp. 18-19-210. de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques de France, Tome I, document XXXI, pp. 170-173.\n\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 23. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-79\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-80\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda-Arenal )Mercedes(, Messianism and Puritanical Reform: Mahd\u012bs of the Muslim West<\/strong>, Brill, Leiden, 2006, pp. 274-275. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-80\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-81\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques Pays-bas, Tome I, document CCXIII, p. 644. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-81\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-82\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques d’Angleterre, Tome II, document LXXIX, pp. 210-215. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-82\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-83\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda Arenal (M.), Ahmad al-Man\u1e63\u016br…<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 34-35. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-83\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-84\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Garc\u00eda-Arenal )M.( y Wiegers (G.), Un hombre en tres mundos\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 43-44. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-84\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-85\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– Gilbert (C..M.), In Good Faith\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, p. 118. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-85\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-86\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques d’Angleterre, Tome II, document XXXVIII, pp. 117-118. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-86\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-87\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 Cory (S.Ch.), Reviving the Islamic Caliphate\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, pp. 98-100.\n\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong>\u060c \u0635. \u0635. 58-72. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-87\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-88\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (Henry), Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l’histoire du Maroc<\/strong>, Premi\u00e8re s\u00e9rie. Dynastie saadienne. Archives et biblioth\u00e8ques Des Pays-Bas, Tome I, document XXXII, pp. 121-123. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-88\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-89\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">– de Castries (H.), Les Sources in\u00e9dites\u2026<\/strong>, Op.cit, Tome I, document XCIX, pp. 340-341. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-89\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-11011-endnote-90\">\n– Hess (Andrew C.), The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century Ibero-African Frontier<\/strong>, pp. <a href=\"#post-11011-endnote-ref-90\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a 1578-1603\u0645 \u062f. \u0631\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u06321 \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u06452 1 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11011","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11011"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11216,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11011\/revisions\/11216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}}}