{"id":10669,"date":"2024-08-01T14:11:45","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:11:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10669"},"modified":"2024-08-01T14:11:53","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:11:53","slug":"5-8-16","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-8-16\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: adamibrahimkourtouk@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj58\/16<\/p>\n

Download<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/08\/2024\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 22\/07\/2024\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Migrations of Arab tribes to the Kingdom of Kanem during the period of the Islamic Kingdom of Kanem<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adam Ibrahim kourtou1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD student in linguistics, Faculty of Languages, Literature, Arts and Media – University of N’Djamena \u2013 Chad, Head of the Arabic Language Department at the National Curriculum Center – Chad<\/p>\n

E Mail: adamibrahimkourtouk@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj58\/16<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/08\/2024 Accepted at 22\/07\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Arabs in general left the Arabian Peninsula and spread to all parts of the world, east and west, right and left. They arrived in Morocco, Andalusia, with its islands, and the countries of central Sudan, migrating for many different reasons, the most important of which are economic and security reasons, and may be religious ideological reasons. From this standpoint, the countries of Africa located south of the Sahara witnessed the migration of many races, human races, and Arab tribes to the sub-Saharan African region of Sudan, and they settled. The Arab tribes migrating in the rivers of the Kingdom of Kanem, and through this research paper that dealt with the topic of Arab migrations to the Kingdom of Kanem.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>The Arab migration was the Kingdom of the Hara<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

1\/ \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n

2\/ \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u00a0 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u00a0 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0649\u00a0\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645. \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0<\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \n
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      \n
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      \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: –<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n
      • \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0647 (cyrenica) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
      • \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645. (9) <\/sup>(\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635 15.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0637\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0651\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0632\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644. (10)<\/sup> (\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635 139.)<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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        \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1200\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. (13)<\/sup> (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f: \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 43.)<\/p>\n

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(15)<\/sup> (\u062f\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635 43.)<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

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          \n
        • \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/li>\n
        • \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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          \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n
          2. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
          3. \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n
          4. \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 666\u0645 46\u0647\u0640.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
            2. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n
            3. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
            4. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n
            5. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
            6. \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
            7. \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
            8. \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n
            9. \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

              1\/(\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 2009\u060c \u0635 9.)<\/p>\n

              2\/(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f 1999\u0645\u060c \u0635 145.)\u060c<\/p>\n

              3\/ (\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0640 \u0645\u0635\u0631 1976\u0645\u060c \u0635 19.)<\/p>\n

              4\/ (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062f. \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 21\u060c<\/p>\n

              5\/ (\u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635 44.)<\/p>\n

              6\/ \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635 15.)<\/p>\n

              7\/ \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635 139.)<\/p>\n

              8\/ (\u062f\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u06371\u060c 1996\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 43.)<\/p>\n

              9\/ (\u062f\u0640 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635 43.)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06481 1 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0640 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0640 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10669","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10669","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10669"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10669\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10731,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10669\/revisions\/10731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}