{"id":10633,"date":"2024-08-01T12:51:13","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T12:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10633"},"modified":"2024-08-01T12:51:17","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T12:51:17","slug":"5-8-6","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-8-6\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \\\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: dhargama.almady@student.uokufa.edu.iq<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj58\/6<\/p>\n

Download<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c<\/strong> \u2013 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 48 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 (PLS).<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n
  2. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n
  3. \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b-\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n
    2. \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

      1. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

      2. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

      \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1):<\/p>\n

      \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong>\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649: ((\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a)).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627: \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1)\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (2017) Nwankpa & Datta \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (5) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Kinya,(2020) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (5) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n 5<\/strong><\/td>\nNwankpa & Datta (2017)<\/p>\n

        Westerman et al. (2012)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n 5<\/strong><\/td>\nKinya,(2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

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        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 (5) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 (5) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 (2015) Data and Roman \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a Google and Yahoo \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Google and Yahoo \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631Nwankpa et al ,2022:4-5))<\/strong> \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (DBI) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 DBI \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (DBI) \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629, \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 (Westerman et al., 2012 & Bharadwaj et al., 2013).<\/p>\n

        \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 Ong et al , 2022:197-198)) <\/strong>\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (IT)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI). \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0640 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (DBI) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 Nwankpa & Datta,2017:472))<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Westerman et al, 2012). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c Amazon and Facebook \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a Amazon \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (AI)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b “Alexa”\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 Amazon \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 Facebook \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 WhatsApp \u0644 Facebook \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0640 DBI \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u062d\u062f\u062f(2012) Westerman et al \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0640 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0640\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f(2014) Westerman et al \u0623\u0646 “”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646”” – \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 26 % \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (Park et al., 2017). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c Vial et al., 2019). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d (2016) Fitzgerald \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f GM \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 (IoT) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c G\u00fcnther et al., 2017). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c (2013) Bharadwaj et al \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

        1: \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

        2: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 (Vial, 2019).<\/p>\n

        3: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. (2017) Gunter et al.<\/p>\n

        4: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

        5: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        6: \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. Eisele & Brettel,2021:3-4))<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 Liu et al,2023:23)) <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

        (1) \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        (2) \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

        (3) \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 Nwankpa & Datta,2017:472))<\/strong> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Westerman et al., 2012). \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0627 Nike \u0648Amazon \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a (Bharadwaj et al., 2013). \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 26 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (Westerman et al., 2014). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f (2017) Nwankpa and Datta \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 DBI \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

        \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a (OS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 (Webster, 1974) \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 exce”. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 (Robert, 1983) \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 Reussite \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a (OS) \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 (Whitten, 1987). \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 (Hill & Jones, 2001). \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. (Nafei,2016:299)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u0635\u0641 (Wong et al,2012:97)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 (Kinya,2020:10)<\/strong> \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 (Catherine, 2018), \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Anitha, 2016). \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 (Dahal,2022:241)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 Tunsi,2023:2)) <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

        \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642\/\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627. Dahal,2022:241-242))<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627: \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u0631\u0649Tunsi,2023:2-3))<\/strong> \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629, \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (RBV)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a 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\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (Kozlenkova et al., 2014). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f RBV \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (Li, 2019). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 RBV\u060c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 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        \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 (2017) Juliancia et al \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647\u062c\/\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644 (2012) Liguori et al\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 (2017) Polanen et al \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \/ \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (48) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629, \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u2018\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d (Kurtosis) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 (skewness) \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 ( (1.96+_\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

        \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\nSkewness<\/strong><\/td>\nKurtosis<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq1<\/strong><\/td>\n0.711<\/td>\n-0.595<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq2<\/strong><\/td>\n0.022<\/td>\n-0.691<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq3<\/strong><\/td>\n-0.24<\/td>\n-0.641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq4<\/strong><\/td>\n0.267<\/td>\n-0.094<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq5<\/strong><\/td>\n-0.837<\/td>\n-0.445<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq6<\/strong><\/td>\n-0.165<\/td>\n-0.189<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq7<\/strong><\/td>\n-0.28<\/td>\n-0.444<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq8<\/strong><\/td>\n-0.023<\/td>\n-0.41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq9<\/strong><\/td>\n-0.588<\/td>\n0.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        <\/td>\nq10<\/strong><\/td>\n-0.487<\/td>\n-0.648<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (smart pls .v4)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2),\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d (Kurtosis) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621(skewness) \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 ,\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a ) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627, \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 (skewness) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d (Kurtosis) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (+_1.96) .<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/h1>\n

        \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a<\/h1>\n
          \n
        1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (3) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0640(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3).<\/p>\n

          \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\nMax<\/strong><\/td>\nMin<\/strong><\/td>\nITEM<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3.452<\/td>\n1.005<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq1<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3.714<\/td>\n1.007<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3.524<\/td>\n1.239<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3.595<\/td>\n0.901<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq4<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3.357<\/td>\n1.324<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq5<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3.5284<\/td>\n1.0952<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (smart pls .v4)<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.714) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 q2 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.452) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629q1 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (4) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0640(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644(4).<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 ( 4) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\nMax<\/strong><\/td>\nMin<\/strong><\/td>\nITEM<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            3.476<\/td>\n1.052<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq6<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            3.429<\/td>\n1.05<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            3.476<\/td>\n1.029<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq8<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            3.31<\/td>\n1.102<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq9<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            3.357<\/td>\n1.25<\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\nq5<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            3.4096<\/td>\n1.0966<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (smart pls .v4)<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.476) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 q6\u0648 , q8\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.31) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 q9 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

            \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n

            \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646: (\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a) \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644(2) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (smart pls .v4) <\/strong>\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631( 0.821) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n

            \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\nR2<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\nT<\/strong><\/td>\nP-VALUE<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629-> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a <\/strong><\/td>\n0.821<\/strong><\/td>\n0.674<\/strong><\/td>\n0.049<\/strong><\/td>\n16.604<\/strong><\/td>\n0.000<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \n

            \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a (0.821) \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a (0.674)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
            2. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642.<\/li>\n
            3. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/li>\n
            4. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n
            5. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644) \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
              2. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n
              3. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n
              4. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n
              5. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Wairimu, J., & Liao, Q. (2019). Digital Business Intensity and Entrepreneurial Alertness in Organizational Learning.\u200f<\/li>\n
                2. Nwankpa, J. K., Roumani, Y., & Datta, P. (2022). Process innovation in the digital age of business: the role of digital business intensity and knowledge management.\u00a0Journal of Knowledge Management<\/em>,\u00a026<\/em>(5), 1319-1341.\u200f<\/li>\n
                3. Nwankpa, J. K., & Datta, P. (2017). Balancing exploration and exploitation of IT resources: The influence of Digital Business Intensity on perceived organizational performance.\u00a0European Journal of Information Systems<\/em>,\u00a026<\/em>, 469-488.\u200f<\/li>\n
                4. Eisele, S., & Brettel, M. (2021). Value Creation through Strategic Investments in Digital Technologies: the Role of Organizational Agility. In\u00a0ECIS<\/em>.\u200f<\/li>\n
                5. Liu, Y., Mao, M., Zhang, Y., & Xie, X. (2023). Leveraging Digital Empowerment for Green Product Innovation: Unraveling the Mediating Role of Resource Integration and Reconfiguration in Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises.\u00a0Systems<\/em>,\u00a011<\/em>(10), 489.\u200f<\/li>\n
                6. Ong, Y. L., Hsiao, B., & Huan, N. H. (2022). INDUSTRY 4.0 AND DIGITAL GREEN INNOVATION WITH THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DIGITAL GREEN KNOWLEDGE CREATION: AN EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM.\u00a0Journal of Information Systems & Operations Management<\/em>,\u00a016<\/em>(2), 196-211.\u200f<\/li>\n
                7. Kinya, M. L. (2020).\u00a0Relationship between Leadership Development Practices and Organizational Success in Selected Universities in Meru County, Kenya<\/em>\u00a0(Doctoral dissertation, KeMU).\u200f<\/li>\n
                8. Dahal, R. K. (2022). Effectiveness of learning and growth performance metrics in the Nepalese telecommunications industry for organizational success.\u00a0Problems and Perspectives in Management<\/em>,\u00a020<\/em>(4).\u200f<\/li>\n
                9. Nafei, W. A. (2016). Organizational agility: The key to organizational success.\u00a0International Journal of Business and Management<\/em>,\u00a011<\/em>(5), 296-309.\u200f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  10 -Tunsi, W. (2023). Evaluating the Effect of Human Resource Management on the Relationship Between Human Capital and Social Capital Toward Organizational Success in the Saudi Arabian Banking Sector.\u00a0Cuadernos de Econom\u00eda,\u00a046(132), 1-13.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  11- Nwankpa, J. K., & Roumani, Y. (2016). IT capability and digital transformation: A firm performance perspective.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  12- Westerman, G., Tannou, M., Bonnet, D., Ferraris, P., & McAfee, A. (2012). The Digital Advantage: How digital leaders outperform their peers in every industry.\u00a0MITSloan Management and Capgemini Consulting, MA<\/em>,\u00a02<\/em>, 2-23.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  13- Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. V. (2013). Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights.\u00a0MIS quarterly<\/em>, 471-482.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  14- Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., & McAfee, A. (2014).\u00a0Leading digital: Turning technology into business transformation<\/em>. Harvard Business Press.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  15- Wong, P. S., Cheung, S. O., Yiu, R. L., & Hardie, M. (2012). The unlearning dimension of organizational learning in construction projects.\u00a0International journal of project management<\/em>,\u00a030<\/em>(1), 94-104.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  16- Dahal, R. K. (2022). Effectiveness of learning and growth performance metrics in the Nepalese telecommunications industry for organizational success.\u00a0Problems and Perspectives in Management<\/em>,\u00a020<\/em>(4), 238-249.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  17- Criscuolo, P., & Narula, R. (2008). A novel approach to national technological accumulation and absorptive capacity: aggregating Cohen and Levinthal.\u00a0The European Journal of Development Research<\/em>,\u00a020<\/em>, 56-73.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  18- Conticelli, S., D\u2019Antonio, M., Pinarelli, L., & Civetta, L. (2002). Source contamination and mantle heterogeneity in the genesis of Italian potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks: Sr\u2013Nd\u2013Pb isotope data from Roman Province and Southern Tuscany.\u00a0Mineralogy and Petrology<\/em>,\u00a074<\/em>, 189-222.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  19- G\u00fcnther, W. A., Mehrizi, M. H. R., Huysman, M., & Feldberg, F. (2017). Debating big data: A literature review on realizing value from big data.\u00a0The Journal of Strategic Information Systems<\/em>,\u00a026<\/em>(3), 191-209.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  20- Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. V. (2013). Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights.\u00a0MIS quarterly<\/em>, 471-482.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  21-Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., & McAfee, A. (2014).\u00a0Leading digital: Turning technology into business transformation<\/em>. Harvard Business Press.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  22- Anitha, J. (2016). Role of organisational culture and employee commitment in employee retention.\u00a0ASBM Journal of Management<\/em>,\u00a09<\/em>(1).\u200f<\/p>\n

                  23- AMEGAVI, G. B., ADUO-ADJEI, K. O. F. I., & OWUSU, R. (2017). OVERCOMING THE HURDLES OF INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION SHARING IN E-GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN GHANA.\u00a0Journal of Information Technology Management<\/em>,\u00a028<\/em>(4).\u200f<\/p>\n

                  24-Jones, S. R., & Hill, K. (2001). Crossing High Street: Understanding diversity through community service-learning.\u00a0Journal of College Student Development<\/em>.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  25-Maltz, A. C., Shenhar, A. J., & Reilly, R. R. (2003). Beyond the balanced scorecard:: Refining the search for organizational success measures.\u00a0Long range planning<\/em>,\u00a036<\/em>(2), 187-204.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  26-Lee, J. Y., Kozlenkova, I. V., & Palmatier, R. W. (2015). Structural marketing: Using organizational structure to achieve marketing objectives.\u00a0Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science<\/em>,\u00a043<\/em>, 73-99.\u200f<\/p>\n

                  27- Dahal, R. K. (2022). Effectiveness of learning and growth performance metrics in the Nepalese telecommunications industry for organizational success.\u00a0Problems and Perspectives in Management<\/em>,\u00a020<\/em>(4), 238-249.\u200f<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062f. \u0636\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10633","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10633"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10652,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10633\/revisions\/10652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}