{"id":10632,"date":"2024-08-01T12:53:22","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T12:53:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10632"},"modified":"2024-08-01T12:53:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T12:53:26","slug":"5-8-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-8-7\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f1<\/sup><\/h3>\n

1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a : oumaima.elmoujahid@um5r.ac.ma<\/a> El.oumaima98@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj58\/7<\/p>\n

Download<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/08\/2024\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 13\/07\/2024\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Treatment Integrity in Interventions That Target the Executive Function<\/p>\n

Oumaima Elmoujahid1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD Student in Psychology, at University Mohammed 5- Faculty of Education Sciences in Rabat.<\/p>\n

Emails : oumaima.elmoujahid@um5r.ac.ma<\/a> El.oumaima98@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj58\/7<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/08\/2024 Accepted at 15\/07\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Executive functions play an important role in various daily life activities, and continue to develop through childhood to old age, either by increasing or decreasing their activity. Thus, any impairment in their activity will affect negatively an individual’s adaptative dimensions, and may lead to psychological, social and emotional difficulties. In fact, all age groups might be affected, for example, children who face early academic difficulties as a result of impairments in their learning process, and hence require intervention to address those impairments responsible for creating difficulties in their daily lives. Impairments in executive functions vary and differ from one child to another, which makes the person in charge of treatment face the crucial task of selecting the appropriate intervention. In most cases, s\/he would prefer to adopt Evidence-Based interventions, and taking into consideration the treatment integrity, not only in the selection of the intervention, but also in its implementation. In this article, which is a translation and a deep reading of a book chapter about executive functions (Livanis & al, 2014), treatment integrity as a construct will be thoroughly addressed, especially that significant developments of treatment intervention programs have greatly enriched the field of research in recent years. Although these programs varied in terms of their impact on treatment, they still raise numerous issues concerning their level of integrity. In this respect, this article provides a broad definition of treatment integrity, its dimensions, how to assess and develop it, in the hope of applying these aspects in future research.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Treatment Integrity, Executive Function, Evidence-Based Interventions, Treatment Differentiation.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Banich, 2009). \u0641\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a (Hayes & al, 1996)\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a. \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (Goldstein, 2012)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f (Baltruschat & al, 2011).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 (Eisenberg & Berman, 2010; Hale & al, 2009; McClelland & al, 2007; Simonsen & al, 2008). \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0629 (Eliot, 1999; Posner & Rothbart, 2007; McCloskey & al, 2009)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Barkley, 1997; Steinberg, 2007). \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 (Buckner, 2004). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 Cerebrovascular Accident (Leeds & al, 2001)\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 Parkinson’s Disorder (Hausdorff & al, 2006)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0631Alzheimer’s Disorder (Duarte & al, 2006).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 (Barkley, 1997) \u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 (DSM-IV-TR) (APA, 2000) \u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 (Barkley, 1997; McCloskey & al, 2009). \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 DSM-IV-TR (\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (McCloskey & al, 2009).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 Externalizing Disorders \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 Oppositional Defiant Disorder \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643Conduct Disorder \u060c \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (Goldstein, 2012). \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (McCloskey & al, 2009).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 (Denckla, 2007)\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (McCloskey & al, 2009). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (McCloskey & al, 2009).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 EBI) Evidence-based interventions). \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Alloway & al, 2009; Gathercole & al, 2008; McClelland & al, 2007; Scope & al, 2010). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 EBIs\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c Treatment Integrity\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 Translational Stages.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Dusenbury & al, 2003; Nezu & Nezu, 2008; Reed & Codding, 2011). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c Treatment Fidelity \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a Procedural Fidelity \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 Intervention Integrity)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (McLeod & al, 2009; Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005): \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f Adherence\u060c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 Agent Competence\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632. Differentiation<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f: Adherence <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a (Hogue & al, 2008)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Codding & al, 2005). \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (Schulte & al, 2009) (Dusenbury & al, 2003). \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064f\u062f” “Personalization” \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a (Barber & al, 2006; Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641: Agent Competence <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 (Schulte & al, 2009; Gresham, 2005). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0651 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 Corrective Feedback (\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d)\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 (Codding & al, 2005; DiGennaro & al, 2007; Codding & al, 2008; DiGennaro & al, 2005; DiGennaro-Reed & al, 2010; Mortensen & Witt, 1998) (Noell & al, 1997; Mouzakitis, 2010).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Cowan & Sheridan, 2003). \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Elliot, 1988) (Witt & al, 1984). \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 (Elliot, 1988) (DiGennaro & al, 2005)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c: Treatment Differentiation <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631 (Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005; Kazdin, 1986). \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c Therapist Drift (Gresham, 2005)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a (Kazdin, 2011; Cooper & al, 2007). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d (Livanis & al, in press).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (DiGennaro & al, 2005; Erhardt & al, 1996; Hogue & al, 2008). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 (Cook & al, 2010). \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (IDEA, 2004)\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 (Cook & al, 2010; Etchdeit, 2006).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 (APA, 2005) \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628-\u0644\u063a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (ASHA, 2010) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 (NASP) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 (NASP, 2010)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00bb (p. 7).<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Dusenbury & al, 2003; McLeod & al, 2009). \u0648\u062c\u062f (Wheeler & al, 2006) \u0623\u0646 18\u066a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0646 2\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (Cochrane & Laux, 2008).<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Cooper & al, 2007). \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647) \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a (\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641)\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a (\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641)\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u062a\u0628\u064e\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c). \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Gresham, 1996). \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 -\u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649-\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0623\u0639\u0641\u0649” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u00bb (Teuber, 1972).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 (Miyake & Friedman, 2012). \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 – \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646Hayes \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (1996) \u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb (p. 279).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0643\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/td>\n\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/td>\n\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644 (Goldstein, 2012)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a – \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Cooper & al, 2007) – \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 (Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a Reliability \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 Observation \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (Kazdin, 2011). \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629) \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 Gresham (1996) \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (DiGennaro-Reed & al, 2010)\u060c \u0648 (LeBlanc & al, 2005) \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a (Codding & al, 2005) \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 55 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u062d\u0635\u0629 (Codding & al, 2008; LeBlanc & al, 2005). \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 (LeBlanc & al, 2005; DiGennaro-Reed & al, 2010)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 (Cooper & al, 2007)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 (Foster & Cone, 1986). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 Job Security \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 (Codding & al, 2008).<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 Perepletchikova \u0648 Kazdin (2005) \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 (Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005). \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Burgio & al, 1990; Coyle & Cole, 2004; Petscher & Bailey, 2006; Richman & al, 1988) . \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 (\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 1:1 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (Gresham, 1996).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 (Coyle & Cole, 2004; McLeod & al, 2009; Richman & al, 1988). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Petscher & Bailey, 2006)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (Gresham, 1996). \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (\u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 (\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 – \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 False Positive (Gresham, 1996). \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 :<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628)\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628)\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646) \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b). \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 PFB)) Performance Feedback (DiGennaro & al, 2005; DiGennaro-Reed & al, 2010; Codding & al, 2005; Mortensen & Witt, 1998; Mouzakitis, 2010; Noell & al, 1997)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0628\u00bb \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621). \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 (Guercio & al, 2005) \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 30 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f (Noell & al, 1997) \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 (Codding & al, 2005) \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 (\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Mortensen & Witt, 1998).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 (PFB) \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Witt & al, 1997; Noell & al, 1997)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0650\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 (Reed & Codding, 2011; Noell & al, 1997; DiGennaro & al, 2005). \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0629 Praise \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d (\u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Automacity. \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641 (DiGennaro & al, 2005) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a (Codding & al, 2008)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647(\u0647\u0627).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 (Allen & Warzak, 2000; Gresham, 1996; Perepletchikova & Kazdin, 2005) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Meichenbaum & Turk, 1987). \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Yeaton & Sechrest, 1981)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629). \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 (Gresham, 1996). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (Allen & Warzak, 2000). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Explosive Behaviors (Greene & Albon, 2006; Greene, 2001).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0641\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a (Hayes & Wilson, 1993). \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 (\u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c) \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 (Gresham, 1996). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 (Happe, 1982). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (Gresham, 1996). \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 EBIs \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 Detrich (2008) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644)\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u00bb. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c -\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629- \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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