{"id":10464,"date":"2024-07-02T16:21:52","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T16:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10464"},"modified":"2024-07-02T18:06:13","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T18:06:13","slug":"5-7-27","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-7-27\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632- \u062c\u062f\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

Email:asaljedaani@kau.edu.sa<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj57\/27<\/p>\n

Download<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Impact of Using Technology in Developing Academic Writing Skill among Learners of Arabic as a Second Language at King Abdulaziz University<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aljadani, Anwar Saad1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> An associate professor in Applied Linguistics at the Art and Humanities faculty at King Abdulaziz University- Jeddah-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia<\/p>\n

asaljedaani@kau.edu.sa<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj57\/27<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/07\/2024 Accepted at 18\/06\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This research intends to find out the point of view of second language learners of Arabic towards the impact of technology on developing their academic writing skills. Moreover, it aims to measure the extent to which they use technology in developing their skills in academic writing. 116 students who learned Arabic as a second language majoring in various faculties at King Abdulaziz University participated in filling out the study questionnaire. It consisted of sixteen statements, eight of which were presented to identify the participants\u2019 point of view of the impact of technology on developing their academic writing skills and the rests were presented to measure the extent to which they use technology in developing their skills in academic writing. The results showed a positive attitude towards the effectiveness of technology in developing academic writing and its use of technology to develop their academic writing skills. It also showed that one of the most prominent techniques used by the study sample in developing their skill academic writing is word processing programs and the use of digital sources and resources. Furthermore, it found that the integration of technical means, training learners and encouraging them to use task management applications to manage writing tasks efficiently through electronic applications and encouraging teachers to activate artificial intelligence, creates an interesting and effective educational opportunity to develop second language learners\u2019 academic writing skills in line with the digital age.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Learning writing skill, second language writing, academic writing, technology and learning, technology and teaching academic writing skills.<\/p>\n

    \n
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    \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631) (Hayes & Flower, 1980)\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0648) (Petty & Cacioppo, 1986) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a 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\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632) (Swales, 2004). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631) (McCarter, 2018). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0644\u064a\u0648) (Liu, 2018). \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 (\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633) (Lunsford & Westbrooks, 2018). \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0633) (Mckee & DeVoss, 2018). \u062a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646) (Leckie et all, 2018).<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a:<\/strong>\n
        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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        \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632. \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0647. \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628: \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n

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