{"id":10424,"date":"2024-07-01T04:45:37","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T04:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10424"},"modified":"2024-07-01T04:45:41","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T04:45:41","slug":"5-7-21","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-7-21\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 – \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj57\/21<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Legal organization of the work of the constitutional judiciary (Iraq as a model)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nawras Issa Khairan1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Department of Law – Islamic University – Beirut<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj57\/21<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/07\/2024 Accepted at 18\/06\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The current research aims to identify the legal organization of the work of the constitutional judiciary (Iraq as a model). The constitutional judiciary in Iraq has a legal organization in accordance with the Iraqi Constitution, which was issued in 2005. The constitutional judiciary is considered part of the judicial authority in Iraq, and has the authority to monitor the constitutionality of laws, regulations and bylaws. and administrative provisions.<\/p>\n

The legal organization of the Iraqi constitutional judiciary is based on the chapter on the constitutional judiciary in the Iraqi Constitution, and this organization is represented in several important points, which are:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Formation of the Supreme Judicial Council: The Supreme Judicial Council in Iraq is formed in accordance with the third paragraph of Article 15 of the Iraqi Constitution. The Council consists of a number of qualified judges who specialize in constitutional judicial affairs. These judges are promoted and appointed in accordance with the rules contained in the law.<\/li>\n
  2. Defining the powers of the constitutional judiciary: The legal organization of the constitutional judiciary in Iraq includes defining its powers, as the constitutional judiciary has the power to monitor the constitutionality of laws, regulations, bylaws and administrative rulings, and its main task is to decide on constitutional cases that are submitted to it.<\/li>\n
  3. Ensuring the independence of the constitutional judiciary: The constitutional judiciary in Iraq enjoys complete independence in carrying out its work, and no entity or institution can interfere in the work of the constitutional judiciary or influence its decisions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Key Words: <\/strong>legal organization, work, constitutional judiciary, Iraq<\/p>\n

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      \n
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      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646(<\/sup>[1]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631.[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0647<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 “\u0642\u0636\u0649”\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646: (<\/sup>[3]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong>: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: “\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629” \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. (<\/sup>[4]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: “\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636…”<\/em> [\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629: 10]\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629. (<\/sup>[5]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/li>\n
      3. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: “\u0641\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647…”<\/em> [\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645: 2]\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/li>\n
      4. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: “\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0643\u0646\u0651\u064e…”<\/em> [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: 200]\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c. (<\/sup>[6]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a” \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

        \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a” \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631” \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a: (<\/sup>[7]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>: \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n
        2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. (<\/sup>[8]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/li>\n
        3. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. (<\/sup>[9]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646: “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a” \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b<\/strong>: (<\/sup>[10]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

          \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a” \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a” \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631” \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. (<\/sup>[11]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

          \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627. (<\/sup>[12]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n

          \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. [13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

          \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631. (<\/sup>[14]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
          2. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n
          3. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631. (<\/sup>[15]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/li>\n
          4. \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n