{"id":10371,"date":"2024-07-01T04:11:32","date_gmt":"2024-07-01T04:11:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10371"},"modified":"2024-07-01T04:11:35","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T04:11:35","slug":"5-7-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-7-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06491<\/sup><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u062f\u0646 – \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj57\/2<\/p>\n

Download<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 (Syarifah Rahmi, 2020). \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 2023).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1. \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n

2. \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n

3. \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 “\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f” \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n

1. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3. \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 “\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f”.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1. \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

2. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n

1. \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3. \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 73 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 “\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f” \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: “\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627” (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: 31) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0622\u062f\u0645 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c 2006).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (Kitabatuna, 2022).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (Trabajo, 2012).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: “\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646”. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2010) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0641\u0647\u0645: \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628: \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631: \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642: \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

2. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

3. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

4. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

5. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n

6. \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a (Syarifah Rahmi, 2021).<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f”:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f” \u0643\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

– \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645.<\/p>\n

– \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627”:<\/p>\n

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2. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627”:<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626.<\/p>\n

2. \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (5) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (4) \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (20) \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3. \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0640 (Lawshe Content Validity Ratio \u2013 CVR)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (13) \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0646 = 13)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0634\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n84.62<\/td>\n0.692<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n92.31<\/td>\n0.846<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n84.62<\/td>\n0.692<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n92.31<\/td>\n0.846<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n92.31<\/td>\n0.846<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n84.62<\/td>\n0.692<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

– \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629: 96.538%<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644: 0.931<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 “\u062a” t-Test \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 Paired-samples t-test: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Pallant, 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a”.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 “\u062a” \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

| \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 “\u062a” \u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0646 =73) |<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n37.74<\/td>\n5.72<\/td>\n95.99<\/td>\n4.31<\/td>\n71.96<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n0.01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.01).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631”.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 “\u062a” t-Test \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

| \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 “\u062a” \u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0646 = 73)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n95.99<\/td>\n4.31<\/td>\n96.25<\/td>\n5.38<\/td>\n0.467<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

– \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0635. \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 “\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f” \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 “\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f” \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 “\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f” \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

3. \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Syarifah Rahmi,2020)<\/p>\n

https:\/\/jurnal.kopertais5aceh.or.id\/index.php\/SINTESA\/article\/viewFile\/234\/165.-<\/a><\/p>\n

– Kitabatuna, Jurnal Pendidkan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaan, Vol. 1 No. 1, Januari-Juni 2022 P-ISSN:2775-7404)<\/p>\n

– (Trabajo fin de master. Curso:2011-2012, The importance of teaching listening and speaking skills, DNI:45309173-R, Dpto. Didactica de la lengue la Literature Facultad de Educacion.<\/p>\n

– (Syarifah Rahmi, Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Sosial Keagamaan 2(1),46-66,2021)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a (2013). “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 14\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 814-838.<\/p>\n

– \u0637\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632 (2018). “\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 11\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 50-56\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 (2006). “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.” \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2022). “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a (Forest) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 4\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 72-106.<\/p>\n

– \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u062a\u0648\u0645 (2008). “\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 4\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 179-188.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (2010). “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b.” \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 10\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 115-137.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (2010). “\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.” \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f (2015). “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.” \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 – \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 37-52\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n

– \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062e\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0629 (2017). “\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.” \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 63-89.<\/p>\n

– \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0646\u064a (2023). “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.” \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 148 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n

– Pallant, J.(2007).SPSS Survival Manual A Step Guide to Data Analysis using SPSS for Windows, third edition, England: McGraw-Hill Education<\/p>\n

\n

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","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u06491 1 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u062f\u0646 – \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 HNSJ, 2024, 5(7); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj57\/2 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10371","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10371"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10397,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10371\/revisions\/10397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}