{"id":10084,"date":"2024-06-01T06:01:47","date_gmt":"2024-06-01T06:01:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=10084"},"modified":"2024-06-01T06:01:57","modified_gmt":"2024-06-01T06:01:57","slug":"5-6-9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/5-6-9\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627: <\/strong>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/h1>\n

\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0641\u0635\u064a<\/strong>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0630. \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a2<\/sup><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ibnokhaldoune@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj56\/9<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/06\/2024\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 18\/05\/2024\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u061b “\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f” <\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u061f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629: “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>“. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 “Jacques Bertin”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0640 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Graphic semiotics of maps in geography textbooks: Evaluation and Development<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj56\/9<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/06\/2024 Accepted at 18\/05\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The evaluation of textbooks contributes to the development of educational practice. And if maps are the most important documents in geography lesson, and considering that graphic semiotics is one of the entry points for evaluating maps, then there is no escape from adopting this science in formatting maps of geography textbooks.<\/p>\n

The study has discussed the topic through the following central question: “Are maps in geography textbooks subject to the graphic semiotics rules as determined by geographical literature?<\/strong>” This branched out the following questions: What are the rules of graphic semiotics as set by geographical literature? Are the maps in textbooks compatible with these rules? How can these maps be produced in light of the rules of graphic semiotics?<\/p>\n

The research has started from the central hypothesis: “The contents of textbooks do not align with the rules of graphic semiotics as defined by the geographical literature<\/strong>” From this, Subsidiary hypotheses has been branched out stating:<\/p>\n

– There is no significant relationship between the cartographic expression in geography textbooks and the rules of graphic semiotics.<\/p>\n

– An educational curriculum which does not align with the rules of graphic semiotics produces graphic expression which hinder learning.<\/p>\n

– There is a meaningful relationship between enhancing graphic semiotics in the geography curriculum and enhancing learning through maps in the textbook.<\/p>\n

The study has simplified the rules of graphic semiotics through Jacques Bertin, and diagnosed and interpreted the semiotic status of maps in textbooks of secondary education. It has also observed their impact on the quality of learning. <\/a>Finally, it suggested using the rules of graphic semiotics in enhancing maps in textbooks.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Graphic semiotics – Textbook – Diagnostic Evaluative Study<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n

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<\/a>1\u0640 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629” \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644) \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 19).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061f <\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

<\/a>2\u0640 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

<\/a>3\u0640 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0639\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d: \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>“\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

<\/a>5\u0640 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>6\u0640 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>7\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u061b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 (\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0648\u062a\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635 102).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0635 103 \u0640 105).<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \/ \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c2008\u060c \u0635 70)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627 (\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c 2006\u060c \u062c 2\u060c \u0635 575)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635… \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 111).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 7)\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a>8\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0637\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627”<\/strong> (\u0642\u0641\u0635\u064a\u060c 2011)\u060c <\/strong>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u061b<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \/ \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>(\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c 2013) \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0640 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong> (\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 2004) \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>9\u0640 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0633\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635 26).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

<\/a>1\u0640 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0640 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629”. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (G. Weger, p 44).<\/p>\n

1.1\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644: <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621) \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0640 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 pictogrammes \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629…\u061b<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f \"Pictogramme \"Panneau \"Pictogramme<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 id\u00e9ogrammes \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639…<\/p>\n

\"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \"Departure \"Panneau \"Signification<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 symboliques \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a…<\/p>\n

\"Christian \"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \"Vecteur <\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

1.2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f: <\/strong>\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

1.3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647:<\/strong> \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632<\/strong>: \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u062a…<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u062d \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062c\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629…<\/p>\n

\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 6 \u06489\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2) \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

1.4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629)<\/strong>: \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644…)<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/strong>: \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d (\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646 (\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629)<\/strong>: \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 <\/a>\u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627 (\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a) \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 9 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 9 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 (\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3 \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629… \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644…<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n

\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0623\u0648 1,5 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3) \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

1.5\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629: <\/strong>\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a (\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a (\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n

<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 6 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06485 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u06484 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u06483 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 2 \u0623\u0648 3 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631.<\/p>\n

1.6\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u064890 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c… \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (7) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 6 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a 7 \u06488 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0643\u0643\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646+\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644+\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629).<\/p>\n

<\/a>2\u0640 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u061b<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641:<\/strong> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u061f \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062e\u064e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u061b \u0641\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (8) \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a)<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

<\/a>3\u0640 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 1973 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a 1976 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a 1987 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c2004\u060c \u0635 26).<\/p>\n

3.1 \u0640 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639” (\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c2004\u060c \u0635 27)\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a “\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631” (\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0635 44).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a “\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627… \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627” (\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a \u060c2004\u060c \u0635 27 \u0640 28).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3.2 \u0640 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0640 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 “\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061f” \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u061f”. \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0628 \u0640 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 1973.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a: <\/strong>\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u061f \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a: \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

3.3 \u0640 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0640 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628 \u0640 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629… \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a> (\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 174).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (9) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 179).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (10) \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 (0.2 \u0645\u0644\u0645). \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 (1)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 10 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u064e \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 11)\u061b \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 (1) \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (11) \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 %5 \u0648%10 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 180)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 180)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 12.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 2: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (12) \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b 2023<\/p>\n

<\/a>4\u0640 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b<\/p>\n

1.4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0640 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0640 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a… \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 3\u061b \u0635\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n

\"C:\\Users\\PC\\Pictures\\\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2012.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627.<\/p>\n

2.4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"C:\\Users\\PC\\Pictures\\\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 4 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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3.4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>1\u0640 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 100 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

1.1\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632<\/strong>: \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

1.2\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631).<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/strong>: \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

1.3\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

1.4\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

1.4\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n

<\/a>2\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1\u0640 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2.2\u0640 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

2.3\u0640 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

<\/a>3\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong>: \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3.2\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \/ \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: <\/strong>\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u060c\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>4\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627:<\/strong> \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 References:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0640\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c2014 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c2007. \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c2002. \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c 2003. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c (2004 \u0640 2005). \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c (2004 \u0640 2005). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a. (2003). \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n
    4. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0641\u0635\u064a\u060c (2010 \u0640 2011). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627”\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n
    5. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c (2012 \u0640 2013). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n
    6. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 2010.<\/li>\n
    7. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647\u060c (2002). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n
    8. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c (1986). \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n
    9. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0641\u0635\u064a\u060c (2015). \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a (\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0640\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c (1973). \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/li>\n
      3. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c (2006). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (2017). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 37 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n
        2. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c (2007). \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a “\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646”.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. – Y. Andr\u00e9, (1998). Enseigner les repr\u00e9sentations spatiales. Paris.<\/li>\n
          2. – Y. Andr\u00e9, (1987). L\u2019utilisation des repr\u00e9sentations de l\u2019espace dans l\u2019enseignement de la g\u00e9ographie dans les lyc\u00e9es \u00abseconde rencontre nationale sur la didactique de l\u2019histoire et de la g\u00e9ographie, 18 \u2013 20 mars 1987, I.N.R.<\/li>\n
          3. – A. Andr\u00e9, (1980-81). l\u2019expression graphique; Masson. paris.<\/li>\n
          4. – B. Merenne – Schoumaker, (1993). Voies nouvelles pour l’enseignement de la g\u00e9ographie dans le secondaire, Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique de Li\u00e8ge.<\/li>\n
          5. – R. Brunet, (1971). pour une nouvelle conception de la didactique de la g\u00e9ographie; cahiers de g\u00e9ographie du Qu\u00e9bec. n\u00b031.<\/li>\n
          6. – R. Brunet, (1991). g\u00e9ographie recentr\u00e9, G\u00e9ographie \u00e0 enseigner\u201a in enseigner la g\u00e9ographie au lyc\u00e9e, CRDPP\u201a paris.<\/li>\n
          7. – P. Giolitto, (1992).enseigner la g\u00e9ographie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, Hachette. Education, Paris<\/li>\n
          8. – J. Bertin, (1973). S\u00e9miologie graphique. Les diagrammes. Les r\u00e9seaux. Les cartes, Paris \/ La Haye, Mouton; Paris, Gauthier-Villars.<\/li>\n
          9. – F. Joly, (1985). la cartographie, coll, QSJ. N\u00b0 937 PUF, Paris.<\/li>\n
          10. – F. Joly, (1976). la cartographie, coll Magellan, P.U.F, Paris.<\/li>\n
          11. \u2013 G. Hugonie, (1992). Pratiquer la g\u00e9ographie au coll\u00e8ge, Ed \u00abFormation des enseignants\u00bb Ed. Armand colin; paris.<\/li>\n
          12. – M. Zgor, (1990). G\u00e9ographie et Formation intellectuelle: contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019un mod\u00e8le didactique, niveau de l\u2019\u00e9valuation des licenci\u00e9s marocains au seuil de la profession de l\u2019enseignant. Th\u00e8se en vue de l\u2019obtention de grade de doctorat en sciences de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, vrije universit\u00e9 Brusselle.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0641\u0635\u064a1\u060c \u0630. \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a2 1 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. 2 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10084","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10084"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10156,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10084\/revisions\/10156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}