{"id":9936,"date":"2024-05-05T21:35:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-05T21:35:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=9936"},"modified":"2024-05-05T21:35:36","modified_gmt":"2024-05-05T21:35:36","slug":"5-5-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-5-28\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a (\u062a551\u0647\u0640\/1156\u0645) ” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 “<\/h2>\n

\u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u063a\u0636\u0628\u0627\u06461<\/sup> \u0623.\u062f. \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0648\u06411<\/sup><\/strong><\/h3>\n

1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 HNSJ, 2024, 5(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj55\/28<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/05\/2024\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/04\/2024\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u061b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a \u061b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u061b \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientist Encyclopedic Ibn <\/strong><\/a>Mahmawiya al-Yazdi (551 AH\/1156 AD) \u201cHistorical Study\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Professer .Dr.Ali Hassan Ghadban1<\/sup> Professer .Dr.Zaynab Mahdy Raaowf1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> University of Baghdad College of Education for Human Sciences, Ibn Rushd, Iraq.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj55\/28<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/05\/2024 Accepted at 15\/04\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Islamic civilization was considered the basic foundation upon which the emergence of a number of important scientific figures who had an important role and influence in supporting the intellectual renaissance that Islamic countries were known for throughout their various historical eras was based. Freedom of movement in Islamic countries also has an important impact in pushing these scholars to excel in studying various sciences.<\/p>\n

Therefore, the scholar Ibn Mahmawiyah Al-Yazdi was considered one of the most prominent in the field of hadith, jurisprudence, and literature. He was born in the city of Yazd, and traveled to several cities. He received his knowledge in hadith and jurisprudence from a large number of sheikhs until he became one of the most prominent jurists and famous ascetics. A number of students studied under him. He was one of the hadith scholars and jurists. He had many works on recitations, hadith, and jurisprudence. He settled in the city of Baghdad until his death in the year 551 AH\/1156 AD. Historians praised him in their works.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>the Scientist; Encyclopedic; Mahmawiya; Yazdi; study ; Historical.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

<\/a> \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u063a\u0649 .<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0623\u064b : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b : \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b : <\/a>\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0650\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a <\/strong>(1)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 . <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 .(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 : <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 473\u0647\u0640\/1080\u0645 )\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 474\u0647\u0640\/1081\u0645 ).(3)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0650 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0650 \u064a\u0632\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e .<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0638\u0641\u0631(4)<\/sup> \u061b \u0639\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0639 .(5)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u064f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 .(6)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0650 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f .<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0650\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0649\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a .(7)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 (\u062a 561\u0647\/1165\u0645) \u0633\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0650\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0647 .(8) <\/sup>\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0647 “\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a” \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a .(9) <\/sup>\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 (500\u0647\/ 1106\u0645) \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0650\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0650\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 .(10)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642(\u062a598\u0647\/ 1201\u0645) \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631(\u062a597\u0647\/ 1200\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 .(11)<\/sup> \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a …\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a .(12)<\/sup> \u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 .(13)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0649\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u064a ( \u062a 617\u0647\u0640\/ 1220\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a .(14)<\/sup> \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u0628 .(15)<\/sup> \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 .(16)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0650\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 .<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a(17)<\/sup> : ” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 ” .<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062f(18) <\/sup>: ” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0649\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 ” .<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 (19)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 :” .. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b “. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 :” \u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0650\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f(20)<\/sup> \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b ” \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 ” .<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631(21)<\/sup> \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a : ” \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0633\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 “<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (22)<\/sup>: ” .. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b .. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 ” \u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644(23)<\/sup> ” .. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0639 ” .<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a (24)<\/sup> : ” \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 ” .<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a (25)<\/sup> :” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0649\u0621 ” .<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a (26)<\/sup> ” … \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0649\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u062f …\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 ..).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0624\u0644\u0640\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0650:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u062a303\u0647\/915\u0645).(27)<\/sup> \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0650\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0650.(28) <\/sup>\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 .(29)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0647 \u0650\u0642\u0627\u0644 ” \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064b \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (551\u0647\u0640\/ 1156\u0645 ).(30) <\/sup>\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 .(31)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 .(32)<\/sup> \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 (33)<\/sup> ” \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0623\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a \u0633\u0643\u062a\u0647 ” . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 .(34)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0650 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 : ” \u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0623\u062f\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0628 ” . (35)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u0639\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0640\u0640\u0647 \u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

2. \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n

3. \u0639\u064f\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0650\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0639\u064a .<\/p>\n

4. \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u064d\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f\u064a .<\/p>\n

5. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0650\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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2.\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a (\u062a 629\u0647\/ 1231\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c( \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c 1408-1418\u0647)\u060c\u062c6\u060c \u0635296\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0632 (\u062a748\u0647\/ 1347\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c(\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u063514\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c(\u062a764\u0647\/ 1362\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c 1420\u0647\u060c 2000\u0645)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u063590.<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 : \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c(1405\u0647 \u2013 1985\u0645)\u060c \u062c20\u060c \u0635334\u061b <\/a>\u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a ( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u062f.\u062a)\u060c\u062c7\u060c \u063514.<\/p>\n

4. \u0642\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064f \u0638\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0641\u0640\u064e\u0640\u0631\u064d” \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0641\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064f “:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 ” \u0642\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064f \u0638\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064d” \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0632\u064e \u0628\u0623\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0623\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648” \u0642\u0631\u0627\u062d” \u0623\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (554\u0647\/ 1159\u0645) \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f . \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062a597\u0647\/ 1200\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1412\u0647\/1992)\u060c \u062c18\u060c \u0635135 \u061b \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u063561 \u0648\u063525 \u061b <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 (\u062a650\u0647\/ 1252\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 : \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c( \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1973\u0645)\u060c\u062c3\u060c \u063596.<\/p>\n

5.\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646 ( \u062a643\u0647\/ 1245\u0645)\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c ( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u062c18\u060c \u063551\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062c4\u060c\u0635144\u061b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u062a768\u0647\/ 1366\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a : \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c ( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1417\u0647\/ 1997\u0645)\u060c\u062c3\u060c\u0635298\u061b \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c\u062c7\u060c \u063514.<\/p>\n

6.<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u062a771\u0647\/ 1369\u0645)\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062d : \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f.\u0645\u060c( \u0647\u062c\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1413\u0647)\u060c\u062c7\u060c \u0635211.<\/p>\n

7. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c20\u060c \u0635334 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c\u062c7\u060c \u0635211.<\/p>\n

8. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c20\u060c\u0635334\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a (\u062a1089\u0647\/ 1678\u0645)\u060c \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b : \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c \u06371\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c1406\u0647\/1996\u0645)\u060c\u062c6\u060c \u0635263\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 ” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645 “\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c ( \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c 1424\u0647\/ 2003\u0645)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u06351556.<\/p>\n

9. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635296\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c20\u060c\u0635334\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635144\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635263.<\/p>\n

10. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635296\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c20\u060c\u0635334\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c\u060c\u062c7\u060c \u0635211. \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a ( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u062f.\u062a)\u060c\u062c14\u060c \u063514.<\/p>\n

11.\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c21\u060c \u0635335\u0648\u0635350\u0648351\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a(\u062a832\u0647\/ 1428\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c ( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1410\/ 1990\u0645)\u060c\u062c2\u060c \u0635155\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u062a842\u0647\/ 1438\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c( \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 1993\u0645)\u060c\u062c1\u060c \u0635449.<\/p>\n

12.\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c21\u060c \u0635350 \u0648\u0635351\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c <\/a>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c\u062c7\u060c \u0635211.<\/p>\n

13. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u063515.<\/p>\n

<\/a> 14.\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a ( \u062a654\u0647\u0640\/ 1256\u0645)\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0640” \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 “\u060c \u062a\u062d : \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c ( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 2005\u0645)\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635262.<\/p>\n

15.\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u060c<\/a> \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635449.<\/p>\n

16. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u062a668\u0647\/ \u0645)\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c(\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a)\u060c \u0635196.<\/p>\n

17.\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a (\u062a562\u0647\/ 1166\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0646\u060c(\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c 1382\u0647\/1962\u0645)\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635495.<\/p>\n

18. <\/a>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (\u062a 564\u0647\/ 1168\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d: \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u060c( \u062f. \u0645\u0637\u060c 1434\u0647\/ 2013\u0645)\u060c \u063553.<\/p>\n

19. \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635296.<\/p>\n

20. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f \u060c\u062a\u062d: \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c ( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1988\u0645)\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635404.<\/p>\n

21.\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c18\u060c \u063551.<\/p>\n

22.\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f.\u0645\u060c( \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1417\u0647\/ 1997\u0645)\u060c \u0635290\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u06351557.<\/p>\n

23.\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u063515 \u061b\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 1557.<\/p>\n

24.\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062c7\u060c \u0635211\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u06351557.<\/p>\n

25.<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062a833\u0647\/ 1429\u0645 )\u060c \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f.\u0645\u060c ( \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1351\u0647)\u060c\u062c1\u060c \u0635102.<\/p>\n

26. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635263.<\/p>\n

27. . \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c20\u060c \u0635335\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635264\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u06351557\u061b \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c14\u060c \u063514.<\/p>\n

28.\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c18\u060c \u063537.<\/p>\n

29.\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0631\u060c\u062c3\u060c \u063515\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u06351557.<\/p>\n

30. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635296\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c\u062c18\u060c \u063550\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c\u062c20\u060c \u0635336\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635264.<\/p>\n

31. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635290.<\/p>\n

32. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c18\u060c \u063551.<\/p>\n

33. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c18\u060c \u063537.<\/p>\n

34. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0630\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c18\u060c \u0635 51\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c20\u060c \u0635335<\/p>\n

<\/a> 35.\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c20\u060c \u0635335\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062c7\u060c \u0635211.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n