{"id":9564,"date":"2024-03-12T18:17:56","date_gmt":"2024-03-12T18:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=9564"},"modified":"2024-03-12T18:18:01","modified_gmt":"2024-03-12T18:18:01","slug":"5-3-22","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-3-22\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: NSP) <\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 = 4.91<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ Humanities & Natural Sciences Journal <\/strong>ISSN: (e) 2709-0833 <\/strong>www.hnjournal.net<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2022\u0645.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: hothifaa1995@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj53\/22<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The impact of the Yemeni crisis on the expansion of Yemeni Islamic banks.\u00a0 <\/strong>A case study of Al-Kuraimi Islamic Microfinance Bank from 2019 to 2022<\/strong><\/h3>\n

HUDHAIFA MOHAMMED ABDO MOHAMME1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Master’s student, Sabahattin Zaim University, T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n

Email: hothifaa1995@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2024, 5(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj53\/22<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/03\/2024 Accepted at 15\/02\/2024 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aims to provide an overview of the Yemeni crisis and its impact on the performance of Yemeni Islamic banks, highlighting the importance of shedding light on one of the most important Islamic banks in Yemen, represented by Al-Kuraimi Islamic Microfinance Bank, the study examines the reality of the Yemeni crisis’s impact on the bank’s performance and expansion. The study adopted an inductive approach by reviewing what has been written about the Yemeni crisis in general and its impact on the economic sector in particular, It utilized a descriptive analytical method to examine the nature of Al-Kuraimi Bank and its financing tools, along with the actual impact of the crisis through analyzing the financial data issued by the bank, The study concluded that Al-Kuraimi Bank witnessed expansion during the study period, reflected positively in the increase in the number of branches and consequently the increase in the number of employees.<\/p>\n

1.\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

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2. \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

1-\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

-\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

-\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

-\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n

3-\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n

4. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

1-<\/strong>\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong>” \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

-\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n

-\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 21 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1996 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 137 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1995\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 271 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1995\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9\/8\/1995\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a 8\/6\/1996\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0641\u064a 20\/7\/1996\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 55 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621.[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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-\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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-\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0635\u064a\u063a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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-\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

-\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

-\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

-\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0644 1 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0644 2 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0644 6 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
  3. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n
    2. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    3. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 2022.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0637 2\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

      \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c 18-2-202https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/about\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0637 2\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0635 13. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        \u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0635 15 \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        \u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 18. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      4. \n

        \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0635 38. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      5. \n

        \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0635 16. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      6. \n

        \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u0645\u060c \u0635 12. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      7. \n

        \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u0645\u060c \u0635 102. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      8. \n

        \u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c \u0635 93-94. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      9. \n

        \u0639\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 24. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      10. \n

        \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c 18-2-202https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/about\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: NSP) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 = 4.91 HNSJ Humanities & Natural Sciences Journal ISSN: (e) 2709-0833 www.hnjournal.net \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9564","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9564"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9572,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9564\/revisions\/9572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}