{"id":8864,"date":"2024-01-01T14:59:52","date_gmt":"2024-01-01T14:59:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=8864"},"modified":"2024-01-01T14:59:54","modified_gmt":"2024-01-01T14:59:54","slug":"5-1-38","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/5-1-38\/","title":{"rendered":"The Incidence of Calcium Deficiency among Expectant Mothers, Study Conducted at Zliten Medical Center"},"content":{"rendered":"
Hamza Atia Alzrgani(1)<\/sup>, Walid Faraj Naamat(2)<\/sup>, Abdullah Ali Aboughuffah(3)<\/sup> Mohmmed Ismail Abosalah(4)<\/sup><\/strong>\n(1)<\/sup> Libyan Authority for Scientific Research. Email: Ha.atia@asmarya.edu.ly<\/a>(2)<\/sup> Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of health sciences, Alasmarya Islamic university. Email: w.naamat@asmarya.edu.ly\n(3)<\/sup> Department of public health, Faculty of health sciences, Alasmarya Islamic university\nahmaddd256@asmarya.edu.ly\n (4)<\/sup> Department of Health Management, Faculty of health sciences, Alasmarya Islamic university Email: m.abosalah@asmarya.edu.ly\nHNSJ, 2024, 5(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj51\/38\n\nDownload<\/a>Published at 01\/01\/2024 Accepted at 23\/12\/2023 <\/strong><\/pre>\n
Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n
This paper presents the findings of a study conducted at Zliten Medical Center, investigating the prevalence of calcium deficiency among patients based on age groups, education level and pregnancy times. The study analyzed data from 100 samples and identified key rates and distributions of calcium deficiency within these demographic groups. The results indicated a significant calcium deficiency rate of 57% among patients aged 20 to 30. Furthermore, middle and high school students demonstrated the highest prevalence of calcium deficiency, constituting 46% of the sample. The study also found a substantial 73% higher distribution of women with multiple pregnancies compared to those experiencing their first pregnancy. Within the medical center sample, the third trimester of pregnancy exhibited the highest prevalence of calcium deficiency, reaching 43% based on relative gestational age distribution. Additionally, the analysis revealed a miscarriage rate of 42.25%. These findings highlight the concerning rates of calcium deficiency within specific patient groups and the importance of addressing this issue, particularly among young adults and pregnant women. The study contributes to the understanding of calcium deficiency patterns and emphasizes the need for targeted interventions and preventive measures to mitigate its impact on maternal and fetal health.<\/p>\n
Key Words: <\/strong>calcium deficiency, hypocalcemia, pregnant women, miscarriage,<\/p>\n
<\/a>1. INTRODUCTION<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
The substrate for bone mineralization is a calcium deficit (Hypocalcemia) a common metabolic disease brought either by calcium loss from circulation or inadequate calcium input into the circulation). If calcium intake is insufficient or calcium losses are high, skeletal mass cannot be developed or preserved. (1)<\/sup><\/p>\n
A calcium shortage serves as the substrate for bone mineralization (hypocalcemia), a common metabolic disease brought on either by calcium loss from circulation or inadequate calcium input into the circulation) (10)<\/sup>. Skeletal mass cannot be developed or maintained if calcium intake is inadequate or calcium losses are significant. (2)<\/sup><\/p>\n
Calcium is the primary element of teeth and the skeleton, and calcium is crucial for the activation of muscle-keeping, neurological excitation, and enzymes(7)<\/sup>. According to studies, a calcium deficit during pregnancy might worsen postpartum bleeding and result in gestational hypertension(11)<\/sup>. When maternal calcium mobilization makes up for the absence of fetal calcium, calcium insufficiency can result in ossification problems and perhaps worsen maternal deficit.(2,27)<\/sup><\/p>\n
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), young individuals should consume 1000 mg of calcium daily, whereas men over 65, postmenopausal women, and children between the ages of 9 and 18 should consume 1300 mg. But not everywhere on the globe does this intake occur(25,26)<\/sup>. A significant segment of the population, especially in rural areas of many low-and middle-income nations and territories, does not consume enough calcium in their diets(12,15)<\/sup>. The primary dietary sources of calcium are milk, yogurt, and cheese, all of which may be consumed. Kale, broccoli, soft-boned fish like tinned salmon and sardines (17,19)<\/sup><\/p>\n
The risk of developing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, which is linked to a significant risk of preterm birth and the leading cause of early neonatal and infant mortality, can be reduced by taking calcium supplements during pregnancy(13,21)<\/sup>. This is especially true because the fetus’s bone density is affected by calcium levels during pregnancy(8,22)<\/sup>. Hyperparathyroidism, which is linked to significant illness for the mother and baby and leads in adverse outcomes such abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, stillbirth, and kidney stones, is the rare cause of high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) in pregnant women. (4,22)<\/sup><\/p>\n
Taking calcium supplements while pregnant can lower the chance of developing hypertensive disorders, which are the main cause of early neonatal and infant death and are associated with a considerable risk of preterm delivery(9)<\/sup>. This is particularly relevant because calcium levels during pregnancy have an impact on the fetus’s bone density(14,18)<\/sup>. The uncommon cause of high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) in pregnant women is hyperparathyroidism, which is connected to serious sickness for both the mother and the unborn child and results in undesirable consequences such abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, stillbirth, and kidney stones. (5)<\/sup><\/p>\n
2. PROBLEM OF THE STUDY:<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \n
  1. What is the prevalence of calcium deficiency in pregnant women in Zliten Medical Center?<\/li>\n
  2. How to educate expectant mothers about the value of calcium throughout pregnancy?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \n
    1. Figuring out how common calcium insufficiency is in pregnant women.<\/li>\n
    2. Identifying the groups most at risk for calcium insufficiency in terms of age, education, pregnancy duration, and number of pregnancies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      It is expected to benefit from this study in:<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. Concentrating on the lack of calcium in expectant mothers.<\/li>\n
      2. Health awareness to know the risks of calcium deficiency in pregnant women.<\/li>\n
      3. Health education to identify the importance of nutrition and nutritional supplements for pregnant women and the risks they are exposed to if they are not treated.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        5. Paradigm of study<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. Age<\/li>\n
        2. Number of pregnancy<\/li>\n
        3. Months pregnancies<\/li>\n
        4. Qualification<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          Calcium deficiency rate in pregnant women At Obsterics and gynecology department in Zliten Medical-Center.\u0641ics and gynecology department ment<\/p>\n
          6. Methodology and Procedures<\/strong><\/p>\n
          6.1 Research Design:<\/strong><\/p>\n
          The design of this study was A cross Sectional study.<\/p>\n
          6.2 Study Sample:<\/strong><\/p>\n
          100 samples were collected for calcium analysis from pregnant women in the obstetrics and gynecology department at Zliten-Medical Center.<\/p>\n
          6.3 Scope and Limitation of the Study:<\/strong><\/p>\n
          This study was limited to the prevalence of calcium deficiency in pregnant women in Zliten Medical Center, this study was conducted in MAY \u2013 2022.<\/p>\n
          6.4 Procedure:<\/strong><\/p>\n
          Procedures: Patients were interviewed at the obstetrics and gynecology department at Zliten Medical Center and some special data were recorded for each case (age, gestational age, number of pregnancies, education). The study sample was a venous blood sample collected in a tube Withe Tube And transfused to the laboratory for analysis by a device ARCHITECT PULS<\/p>\n
          6.5 Statistical Analysis:<\/strong><\/p>\n
          The data used in the study were analyzed was SPSS (statistics package for social sciences) software version 22, To determine the prevalence of calcium deficiency in pregnant women.<\/p>\n
          6.6 Ethics of Study:<\/strong><\/p>\n
          Permission was obtained to conduct the study first and granted by officials at the Zliten Medical Center and the head of the obstetrics and gynecology department in the hospital, obtaining the participant\u2019s consent and giving freedom to withdraw from the research whenever he wants and dealing with information with privacy and confidentiality.<\/p>\n
          7. Results of Data Analysis.<\/strong><\/p>\n