{"id":8248,"date":"2023-11-01T11:41:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T11:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=8248"},"modified":"2023-11-01T11:41:56","modified_gmt":"2023-11-01T11:41:56","slug":"4-11-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-11-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633. \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: tawfeeq01@live.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4114<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/11\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 05\/10\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Arabic Pinyin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tawfiq Essam Tawfiq Shihab El-Din<\/strong>1<\/sup><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Engineer. Nablus, Palestine, email: tawfeeq01@live.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4114<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/11\/2023 Accepted at 05\/10\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This research giving us a system, for writing Arabic words in English letters, it is used for the phonetic transmission of the Arabic language or the Arabic words, and it is written in English letters, also we can use diacritic, in special standards.<\/p>\n

This system considered as important procedure, that used by researchers in order to document references, or Arabic researches that do not include translation of their titles, or other like cases, which helps the researchers to Romanize the Arabic resources and references names, and standardize the writing of personal documents when there are multiple ways to write them, when transferring from Arabic, also when using Arabic language in computers that have operating systems do not come enabled with Arabic support.<\/p>\n

This system has its own standards and bases, and applied according to special terms, and it is very accurate system that also has solutions to most problems related to the literal transfer from Arabic to English.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Romanization of Arabic _ Database _ Foreign terms _ English letters _ Arabic alphabet<\/p>\n

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\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong>\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0651\u064a (1905\u0645): \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062b\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a (1944\u0645): \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a (24) \u0648(31) \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1944\u0645) \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1944\u0645). \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1993\u0645).<\/p>\n

3. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a (1964\u0645): \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

1. \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Pinyin<\/em>): \u0647\u0648 <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651) \u062a\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-37186104<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 (2) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/images.app.goo.gl\/gwqUukJEYZc5RTPB8<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644<\/strong><\/a>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n

1. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “th” \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 “\u062b” \u0648 “kh” \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 “\u062e”.<\/p>\n

2. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “b” \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 “\u0628” \u0648 “j” \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 “\u062c”.[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

3. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0637: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “b” \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 “\u0628” \u0648 “j” \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 “\u062c”.<\/p>\n

4. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “ba” \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 “\u0628” \u0648 “ja” \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 “\u062c”.[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

5. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (ISO 233) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u061b \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (ISO 233) \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

6. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

7. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 Transcription \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 an-n\u016br \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 Transliteration \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 alnor \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n

3.\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064d \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a (800 – 873 \u0645)[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

Whn y knw th lngg wll ths s nt tht hrd<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n

When you know the language well this is not that hard<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 (Diacritic) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064d\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

4. \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064d.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 Unicode (hex)<\/td>\n\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641
\nASCII (decimal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627<\/td>\na<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628<\/td>\nb<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a<\/td>\nt<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062b<\/td>\ne<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c<\/td>\ng<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062d<\/td>\nvh<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062e<\/td>\nj<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f<\/td>\nd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0630<\/td>\nvd<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631<\/td>\nr<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0632<\/td>\nz<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633<\/td>\ns<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634<\/td>\nx<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0635<\/td>\nc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0636<\/td>\nvc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0637<\/td>\np<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0638<\/td>\nvz<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639<\/td>\ny<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u063a<\/td>\nvg<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641<\/td>\nf<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642<\/td>\nq<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643<\/td>\nk<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644<\/td>\nl<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645<\/td>\nm<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646<\/td>\nn<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0647<\/td>\nh<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0648<\/td>\no<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u064a<\/td>\ni<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0649<\/td>\nva<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0629<\/td>\nvt<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0621<\/td>\nu<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623<\/td>\nwa<\/td>\n\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625<\/td>\nwi<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0626<\/td>\nwva<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0626\u0640<\/td>\nwva<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0624<\/td>\nwo<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0671<\/td>\nvu<\/td>\n\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0622<\/td>\nvwa<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u060c<\/td>\n,<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.<\/td>\n.<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
“<\/td>\n“<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u061b<\/td>\n;<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u061f<\/td>\n?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
!<\/td>\n!<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
_<\/td>\n_<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0640<\/td>\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
:<\/td>\n:<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00d7<\/td>\n\u00d7<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00f7<\/td>\n\u00f7<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/<\/td>\n\/<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0648 \u066a%<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<<\/td>\n><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
><\/td>\n<<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
)<\/td>\n(<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(<\/td>\n)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<\/td>\nCombining Diacritical Marks<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0301<\/td>\nCombining Acute Accent<\/td>\n0301<\/td>\n769<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0636\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0307<\/td>\nCombining Dot Above<\/td>\n0307<\/td>\n775<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0300<\/td>\nCombining Grave Accent<\/td>\n0300<\/td>\n768<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d<\/td>\n\u25cc\u030b<\/td>\nCombining Double Acute Accent<\/td>\n030B<\/td>\n779<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0308<\/td>\nCombining Diaeresis \u2013 Umlaut<\/td>\n0308<\/td>\n776<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631<\/td>\n\u25cc\u030f<\/td>\nCombining Double Grave Accent<\/td>\n030F<\/td>\n783<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304<\/td>\nCombining Macron<\/td>\n0304<\/td>\n772<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n\u25cc\u030a<\/td>\nCombining Ring Above<\/td>\n030A<\/td>\n778<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0302<\/td>\nCombining Circumflex Accent<\/td>\n0302<\/td>\n770<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304\u0301<\/td>\nWith Macron And Acute<\/td>\n0304 \u062b\u0645 0301<\/td>\n772 \u062b\u0645 769<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304\u0307<\/td>\nWith Macron And Dot Above<\/td>\n0304 \u062b\u0645 0307<\/td>\n772 \u062b\u0645 775<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304\u0300<\/td>\nWith Macron And Grave<\/td>\n0304 \u062b\u0645 0300<\/td>\n772 \u062b\u0645 768<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304\u030b<\/td>\nWith Macron And Double Acute<\/td>\n0304 \u062b\u0645 030B<\/td>\n772 \u062b\u0645 779<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304\u0308<\/td>\nWith Macron And Diaeresis<\/td>\n0304 \u062b\u0645 0308<\/td>\n772 \u062b\u0645 776<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304\u030f<\/td>\nWith Macron And Double Grave<\/td>\n0304 \u062b\u0645 030F<\/td>\n772 \u062b\u0645 783<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304\u030a<\/td>\nWith Macron And Ring Above<\/td>\n0304 \u062b\u0645 030A<\/td>\n772 \u062b\u0645 778<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u25cc\u0304\u0302<\/td>\nWith Macron And Circumflex<\/td>\n0304 \u062b\u0645 0302<\/td>\n772 \u062b\u0645 770<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064e<\/td>\n\u1e83a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u064f<\/td>\n\u1e87a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 1:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646(sh) \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0638 (\u0634)\u060c \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b (sham)\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645!\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 (x)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 (v) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629 conv<\/strong>erted).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 2:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 (no) \u0648(know) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 3:<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641 v \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 vd \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 v \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u062d\u0631\u0641 v \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 w \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 4:<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 vg \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644g \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644v\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 u \u0623\u0648 w \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 5:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/td>\nalxbab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/td>\ntofiq<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/td>\nbvhr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u0628\u0644<\/td>\ngbl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/td>\nbit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/td>\nkif vhalk?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0629<\/td>\nfakhvt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644<\/td>\nalaoaw\u0300val<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alvhasob:<\/p>\n

Alvhasob wao alvhasb alvwali wao alkmbiotr wao alvhasb wao alrt\u0304abvt wao almnvzam wao alkombiotr wao alyql alwilktroni wao almnvzmvt ghaz wilktroni qadr ylva astqbal albianat omyalgtha wilva mylomat vdat qimvt ijznha fi osawvap tjzin mjtlfvt, ofi alvgalb ikon qadra\u030b ylva tbadl hvdh alntawvag oalmylomat my waghzvt wajrva mtoafqvt. Tstpiy wasry alvhoasib fi iomna hvda\u00a0 alqiam bmwvaat blaiin alymliat alvhsabivt oalmnpqivt fi eoan\u030f qlilvt. Txvgl alvhoasib brmgiat jacvt tsmva wanvzmvt altxvgil, fmn donha ikon alvhasob qpyvt mn aljrdvt, otbin wanvzmvt altxvgil llvhasob kifivt tnfivd almham kma wanha fi alvgalb tofr biwvavt llmbrmgin liporoa ylih tpbiqathm. Win hvda altyrif ibin aljpwa alxawvay bin alnas mn wan alvhoasib fqp hi tlk alti tyml tvht biwvavt oindoz, omakintox, olinks.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u062e\u0637\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a: \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Select the language:<\/strong><\/p>\n

English \ud83d\udf80<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7ais<\/p>\n

Italiano<\/p>\n

Deutsch<\/p>\n

Espa\u00f1ol<\/p>\n

Yrbi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ud83e\udc45<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nESC<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ud83e\udc44<\/td>\n\ud83e\udc46<\/td>\n<\/td>\nOK<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\ud83e\udc47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n