{"id":7521,"date":"2023-08-01T03:53:07","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T03:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=7521"},"modified":"2023-08-01T03:53:12","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T03:53:12","slug":"4-8-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-8-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628)<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: lahboubikhawla@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj482<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/08\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 10\/07\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The role of advertising agencies in the prosperity of the advertising market in Morocco<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khawla Lahboubi1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD researcher, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences – Ibn Tofail University – Kenitra (Morocco)<\/p>\n

Email\u00a0: lahboubikhawla@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj482<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/08\/2023 Accepted at 10\/07\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study highlights the importance of advertising agencies and their role in the spread of advertising in Morocco as an art of communication concerned with the promotional aspect of goods, services and products, having flourished economic life in Morocco, where advertising initially relied on traditional means, which did not include any interaction or dialogue with the individual recipient as it sufficed to advertise the good or service without providing detailed information. Among these traditional means, we can quote the town crier, the druggist and the auctioneer. Such means, in spite of their simplicity, were able to draw the beginning of the advertising phenomenon, to achieve their objective, to make a place for itself in the Moroccan heritage and to constitute a great productive force. From there until a wind of change has blown and made Moroccan society a consumer society that devotes itself to the consumption of new and leisure goods, in particular those introduced by Europeans in Morocco during the period of the protectorate. These independent companies, known as advertising agencies, had the merit of reaching the consumer with the ideas and artistic meanings they provided through artists and creators specializing in the world of advertising.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>advertising agencies, advertising phenomenon, productive force, consumer society, artistic meanings.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b : <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 .<\/p>\n

– \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 .<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

1 – \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u061f<\/p>\n

2 – \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n

3 – \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u061f<\/p>\n

1 – \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 ” \u0646\u0633\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 (1)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 : ” \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 ” (2)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 “\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f”<\/strong> \u00abOxenfeld\u00bb <\/strong>\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 : ” \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0641\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 ” (3)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 “\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0646”<\/strong> \u00abArmand Dayan\u00bb<\/strong> : ” \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” (4)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 (5) <\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (6)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 03\/77 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 : ” \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 ” (7)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a .<\/p>\n

2 – \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 : ” \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (8)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1900 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 “\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644”\u00abGeorge Rowell\u00bb\u00a0<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 “\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633”\u00abCharles louis havas\u00bb<\/strong> \u0633\u0646\u0629 1835 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1825 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (11) <\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 16 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1832 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (12) <\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631(13)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1904\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a “\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633”\u00abCharles havas\u00bb<\/strong> \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1944 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633” (AFP)<\/strong> (Agence France Presse)<\/strong> (14)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0623 – \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0645\u0627\u0635” \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a”\u00abA.M.P.I\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0 (L\u2019agence marocaine de publicit\u00e9 et d\u2019informations) <\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646”<\/strong> \u00abLa vigie marocaine\u00bb <\/strong>\u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 5 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 1923 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a 100.000 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u0633\u0647\u0645 (15)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
La S.G.R.M.<\/td>\n499<\/td>\n49.900 Frs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme<\/p>\n

La Vigie Marocaine<\/td>\n

492<\/td>\n49.200 Frs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pierre Mas<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n500 Frs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antoine Mas<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n100 Frs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alexandre Gerbaud<\/p>\n

(Administrateur de La Vigie Marocaine)<\/td>\n

1<\/td>\n100 Frs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Charles Grimaud<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n100 Frs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Louis Grimaud<\/p>\n

(Administrateur du Petit Marocain)<\/td>\n

1<\/td>\n100 Frs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1.000<\/td>\n100.000 Frs.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(16)<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0628 – \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (Maroc-affiche) <\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u0645 15 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1938 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 “\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644<\/strong> \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648”<\/strong>\u00a0\u00abCharles Grimaud\u00bb\u00a0<\/strong>\u0648 “\u0623\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648”<\/strong>\u00abEug\u00e8ne Tissot\u00bb\u00a0<\/strong> \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 220 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 2200 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 100 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0642 . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 . \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 (17)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062d 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (18)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1940 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0645\u0627\u0635”<\/strong> \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1940 \u0625\u0644\u0649 17 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1946 (19)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0645 24 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1947 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631)<\/strong> (L\u2019agence Marocaine de Publicit\u00e9) <\/strong>(20)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 1948 – 1956 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1948<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1949<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1950<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1951<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1953<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1954<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1955<\/td>\n50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1956<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(21)<\/sup><\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633”<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1969 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 : “\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 “\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0634”<\/strong> \u0633\u0646\u0629 1972 \u060c \u0648 “\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 “\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645”<\/strong> \u060c \u062b\u0645 “\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1976 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 “\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a” \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f “\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633”<\/strong> \u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a . \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 (23) <\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a “\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0634”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631”<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1972 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 (24) <\/sup>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 ” \u0634\u0645\u0633 “<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0634<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 (25)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633”<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 (26)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

\"C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCache\\Content.Word\\IMG_20210418_162403_982.jpg\" \"C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCache\\Content.Word\\IMG_20210418_162343_838.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a” \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0629”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a Iderfix<\/strong> \u0648 Gosciny<\/strong> \u0648 Uderzo<\/strong> \u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0633”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 “\u0634\u0645\u0633” <\/strong>\u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0629 “\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 “\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645”<\/strong> \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u062e “\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631”<\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (27) <\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0637\u060c 1\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635\u060c 111.<\/p>\n

2. <\/a> \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635\u060c 7.<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2003\u060c \u0637\u060c 1\u060c \u0635\u060c 17. 4. Dayan Armand, La publicit\u00e9<\/strong>, Ed.PUF Collection, que sais-je, 1985, P, 7.<\/p>\n

5. Dictionnaire de la presse \u00e9crite et audio-visuelle<\/strong>, Union Latine, La Maison du Dictionnaire, Paris, 1981, P, 348.<\/p>\n

6. \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 24 \u064825 \u064826 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2009\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062c\u060c 2\u060c \u0637\u060c 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635\u060c 35.<\/p>\n

7. <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 5288\u060c 3 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2005. \u0635\u060c 17.<\/p>\n

8. \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635\u060c 32.<\/p>\n

9. <\/a>Encyclopaedia Britannica.<\/strong><\/p>\n

10. \u062e\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635\u060c 109 – 110.<\/p>\n

11. Brot Isabelle, Les Archives de L\u2019Agence Havas<\/strong>, In : La Gazette des archives<\/strong>, N\u00b0 56, 1967, P 12.<\/p>\n

12. Ibid<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

13. \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635\u060c 35.<\/p>\n

14. \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 75969 \/ 75972\u060c \u0635\u060c 153 – 154.<\/p>\n

15. Baida Jama\u00e2, La presse marocaine d\u2019expression fran\u00e7aise des origines \u00e0 1956<\/strong>, Universit\u00e9 Mohamed v, Publications de la facult\u00e9 des lettres et des Sciences Humaines, s\u00e9rie\u00a0: Th\u00e8se et m\u00e9moires, \u2116 31, Rabat, 1996, P, 127.<\/p>\n

16. \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 ..\u060c <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635\u060c 174.<\/p>\n

17. Baida Jama\u00e2, La presse marocaine d\u2019expression fran\u00e7aise .., <\/strong>Op.cit, P, 127.<\/p>\n

18. \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 ..\u060c <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635\u060c 175.<\/p>\n

19. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0635\u060c 229.<\/p>\n

20. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0635\u060c 156.11<\/p>\n

21. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0635\u060c 186.<\/p>\n

22. Paulo Guimaraes, <\/em>A\u00a0simple Model of informative Advertising<\/strong>, Univ, Braga – Portugal, 2004.<\/p>\n

23. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 www. Alaoula.com<\/strong> (\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627(.<\/p>\n

24. \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 7 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2008.<\/p>\n

25. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633\u060c<\/strong> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 29 \u063a\u0634\u062a 2011.<\/p>\n

26. \u0645\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0635\u060c 14.<\/p>\n

12. Mus\u00e9e les imp\u00e9rialistes, 100 ans D\u2019histoire de la publicit\u00e9 marocaine<\/strong>, en partenariat avec le minist\u00e8re de la culture et de la communication, Rabat, Maroc.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"e7ae7003b5771ba5b43c28a1f5e4a30f\"<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

12<\/p>\n

\"C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCache\\Content.Word\\72319_539263712763572_1637743284_n.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a1 1 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628) \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: lahboubikhawla@gmail.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(8); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj482 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/08\/2023\u0645 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7521","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7521"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7558,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7521\/revisions\/7558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}