{"id":6878,"date":"2023-04-11T18:22:49","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T18:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=6878"},"modified":"2023-04-11T18:22:49","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T18:22:49","slug":"4-4-29","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-4-29\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> 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\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-6878-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a><strong>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Increasing collection in the municipalities of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and its impact on the development of services<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Hamzeh Moustafa Khalid Atmeh <sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Accountant, Greater Jerash Municipality, Ministry of Local Administration, Jordan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Email: Atmehhamzeh@yahoo.com<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">HNSJ, 2023, 4(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4429<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Published at 01\/04\/2023 Accepted at 15\/03\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The current study aims to identify the effect of collection on the quality of services provided by the municipalities in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The study also aimed to identify the tax characteristics imposed by the municipalities on the recipients of the service, as well as to know the obstacles to tax collection. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach that fits with This study, and the study concluded the following; The importance of taxes and fees in municipalities is derived through the following; Taxes play an important and fundamental role in the conduct of municipal affairs, as they are the main financier of their activities and service budget, and they have an impact on financial policies as well as on the political and social philosophy of municipalities. Likewise, the most prominent characteristics of taxation in municipalities in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan are as follows: annual taxation, tax in exchange for service, tax personality, tax a monetary commitment, tax paid legally. It also concluded that the most prominent means and methods that increase tax collection in the municipalities of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan are as follows; Working on activating the oversight of the implementation of transactions and determining the fees in the municipalities in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, as well as striving towards developing the accounting system in the municipalities in all aspects, especially in the collection capacity, and carrying out media campaigns on the need to educate the citizen about the importance of paying the dues incurred. The study also found that the most prominent obstacles Tax collection in municipalities in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan includes the following; Imposing non-strict penalties on those convicted of tax evasion, which does not achieve the required deterrence from punishment, and the feeling of weakness and inability of municipalities to apply the law and enforce their rights, the citizen\u2019s feeling of unfairness in the distribution of taxes and the existence of exemptions for some people. The study recommended; Striving to improve the ability of municipalities in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to collect their own revenues, and policies can be adopted to reach this goal by training the financial cadre of the human force working on the issue of improving collections, as well as providing appropriate and encouraging facilities, as well as strengthening the governance framework<br \/>\nand its own municipal financing systems, implementing governance systems supported by strategic planning and regulation, providing greater convenience for investors.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>tax collection, municipalities, development of services.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 : \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a(1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<strong>: <\/strong>\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 .<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 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\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a: \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a 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\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627(9).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628(11).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 -\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644- \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631(12).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a(13).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. Fjeldstad, O. H. (2006). Local revenue mobilization in urban settings in Africa. Chr. Michelsen Institute.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2.\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.(2023). \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646-\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(4)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645.(2021). \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u064a\u0635\u060c29(2)\u060c 375-392.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4.\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646.(2021). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\/ \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u06292020\u060c 712-729.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645.(2019). \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c12\u060c \u06391\u060c \u0635 \u0635 8-20.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. Huda, M. S., &amp; Hasan, M. R. (2009). Problems and Prospects of Municipal Holding Taxation System: A Study on Bhairab Pourashava. Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, 2, 126-135.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a.(2018). \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062c5(2)\u060c 389-404.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 ( 2014 ).&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u060c \u06374 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">9. Jashari, A. (2020). The Challenges of Collecting the Immovable Property Tax: The Case of the Republic of Kosovo. Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">10. Caramazana, D. L., &amp; Habeau, J. F. (2016). The Impact of Smart Technologies in the Municipal Budget: Increased Revenue and Reduced Expenses for Better Services.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">11. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2008). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">12. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646.(2023). \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(4)\u060c \u0635 \u0635 25-36.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">13. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645.(2015): \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">14.\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2016): \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0645\u06291 1 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Atmehhamzeh@yahoo.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4429 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/04\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/03\/2023\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6878","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6878"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6878\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6880,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6878\/revisions\/6880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}