{"id":6269,"date":"2023-03-01T06:59:54","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T06:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=6269"},"modified":"2023-03-01T06:59:59","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T06:59:59","slug":"4-3-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-3-28\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0627\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u0627\u0633 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <a href=\"mailto:mdakhay2013@gmail.com\">mdakhay2013@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4328<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/28\u0639\u0644\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629-\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a-\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a.pdf\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/03\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/02\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 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\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a -\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-6269-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a><strong>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Semantics and strategies for building lexical arabic balance and its relationship to reading comprehension.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Deliberative approach<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DAKHAY MOHAMED<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Applied Human Sciences Laboratory &#8211; Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure &#8211; Fez &#8211; Morocco Email: mdakhay2013@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4328<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Published at 01\/03\/2023 Accepted at 21\/02\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The above data are of great importance in the lexical industry directed at children, because this industry, as a multidisciplinary field in its current global form, should benefit from systematic investigations that clarify the early stages of language acquisition, and how words emerge on children&#8217;s tongues and then their individual balances and they do not suffer in the first grow develop and years of schooling consciousness and semantic inventory, or what is currently called language attrition.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The research That we are proposing tries to provide experts and specialists in the school dictionaries industry with the harvest of scientific investigations in the field of acquiring the first language in relation to acquiring vocabulary and ways to invest and develop them. we believe that these data will be their best help in pressing issues related to the choice of material and Their distribution, in addition to the critical importance of contextual aids and effective pronunciation methods.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>Lexicography, semantics, linguistic stock, reading comprehension, conclusion, expectation<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 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(\u0623\u0646\u064a\u06331963\u060c \u0635 37):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 Semantics \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221;.( \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06462012\u060c \u0635 3).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f .( \u0641\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u06462012\u0645\u060c \u0635 3.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a.( \u0641. \u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u06311995\u060c \u0635 10.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (S\u00e9mantique) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 (Michel Br\u00e9al) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; (Essai de s\u00e9mantique \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1883\u0645)\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0646\u062b (Semantike) \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 (Semantikos) \u0623\u064a: \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (Sema) \u0623\u064a: \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Semain\u00f4) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649: \u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 (Sema) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (Sens) \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 (\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u060c1986\u060c \u0635:6).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (Semantics) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8211; \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1894\u0645) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;Reflected meaning a point semantics&#8221; (\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u060c1986\u060c \u0635:10)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (Semantick) \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 Semantick Philosophy) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a &#8211; \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a (Henry Cust) \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 (Michel Br\u00e9al) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1898\u0645 (\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0635 15-16) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 Semasiology\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 (Semantics) \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u06461997\u060c \u0635 20) \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647&#8221; \u0623\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a..) \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0631 \u060c2001\u060c \u0635 8 ) \u0641\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 &#8230; 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justify;\">-\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 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\u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (2014\u0645)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062f \u062a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c(1970\u0645.)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c(1963\u0645.) \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a (2012\u0645.)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0634\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633 -\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a .<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c (1993\u0645.)&#8221;\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637 1.\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u060c(1986\u0645.) &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c (2012\u0645) &#8220;\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0637 1\u060c. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c( 1974\u0645.) \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641. \u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u060c(1995\u0645.) &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c( 1996\u0645 )\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629- \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c( 1996\u0645 )\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u2013 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c( 1993\u0645).\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c(1984\u0645). \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u062c -22\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0643-(2015\u0645). \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u2013 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648-\u0641\u0627\u0633-<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637&#8221;\u060c(2004). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062c1. \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0634\u0646\u060c (2006\u0645).\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642&#8221;. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u2013 \u06371- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c (1997\u0645.)\u0645. &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0637 12\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c (1997\u0645.)\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 1\u060c \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0631\u060c (2001)\u0645.\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c (\u0645 2008) \u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633-\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 -\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 1- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 -\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0642. (1996\u0645.)\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627-\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 -\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 -\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f: 212 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c (1985\u0645)\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u063a\u0634\u062a .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3- \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a- (2009\u0645.)\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 3 &#8211; \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 . \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d- (2010\u0645)\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lyons (J), &#8220;Linguistique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Larousse&#8221;, Paris, 1970, p 307. Guiraud (P) P.U.D.F., &#8220;Dictionnaire de de linguistique, Larousse&#8221;, Paris 1975, p : 427.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Essai de s\u00e9mantique, science des significations, E.D.S, SLATKING REPRINTS, Gen\u00e8ve, 1976,<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bloom, B,S et col. Taxonomie des objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques, Ed de l\u2019Education nouvelle, Montr\u00e9al 1970.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0627\u064a1 1 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u2013 \u0641\u0627\u0633 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mdakhay2013@gmail.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4328 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/03\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/02\/2023\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6269","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6269"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6292,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6269\/revisions\/6292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}