{"id":6249,"date":"2023-03-01T06:39:30","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T06:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=6249"},"modified":"2023-03-01T06:39:35","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T06:39:35","slug":"4-3-20","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-3-20\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4320<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/03\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/02\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Standing and crying over the ruins in pre-Islamic poetry<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Al-Fateh Siddig Abdel Faraj Ahmed 1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> College of Education, University of Kordofan, Sudan.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4320<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/03\/2023 Accepted at 15\/02\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study on the features of the phenomenon of standing and crying on the ruins in the hair pendant, and the study aims to identify the ruins and the reason for standing, and its position in poetry Jahili, and then stand on the features and pictures of descriptive method, which is adopted on the sources of poetry. The study concluded with a number of results, the most important of which are: standing and weeping on the ruins is an outlet for the poet through which to express his existential experience. The study in these ruins only memories and longing for the people and loved ones. Recommends further studies on the ruins of Arabic literature.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0638\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0632\u062c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

1- \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064e\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

2- \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

3- \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 ( \u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640 150) \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

2- \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

4- \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

5- \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

1- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0648: \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0623 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u0634\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0644([1]<\/a><\/sup>). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062e\u0635\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062f\u064d \u0648\u0623\u0633\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064d([2]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a. <\/strong><\/p>\n

1-<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

2-<\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0623\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

3-<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

4-<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

5– <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0650\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0642\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

1- \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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2- \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631: <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647: (\u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0649)([21]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0650\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u062f\u0650\u0645\u0646\u0629\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0652 *** \u0628\u0650\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062d\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u064f\u062a\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0650<\/p>\n

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\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062e\u064e\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u062d\u0650 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629: ([30]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0627 *** \u0632\u064f\u0628\u064f\u0631\u064f \u062a\u064f\u0640\u0640\u062c\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0652\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648 \u0631\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0650\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0641\u0651\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0624\u0648\u0631\u064f\u0647\u0627 *** \u0643\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0636\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0648\u0642\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0635: ([31]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0623\u0641\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0650 *** \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0646\u064f\u0624\u064a\u064d \u0648\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062d\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064d *** \u0648\u0634\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062a\u064e\u0630\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0650<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u0652\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0644\u062b\u064d *** \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0639\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u064f\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0650<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f:<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: ( \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

1- \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n

2- \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

3- \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

4- \u0643\u064e\u062b\u064f\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0648\u063a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n

5- \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

6- \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

7- \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

2- \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c\u06371\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c 2022\u0645.<\/p>\n

4- \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633: \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371 .<\/p>\n

5- \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

6- \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/p>\n

7- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371 \u060c 1991\u0645.<\/p>\n

8- \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0647 : \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06372\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/p>\n

9- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1981\u0645.<\/p>\n

10- \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u062e\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c (\u062f\u0640 \u062a \u0637).<\/p>\n

11- \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0635: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f \u062a \u0637.<\/p>\n

12- \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a: \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0637\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/p>\n

13- \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.<\/p>\n

14- \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06373\u060c 2002\u0645.<\/p>\n

15- \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06375.<\/p>\n

16- \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631: \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1352\u0647\u0640.<\/p>\n

17- \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1423\u0647\u0640\u0640.<\/p>\n

18- \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c 1958\u0645.<\/p>\n

19- \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u06372\u060c 1991\u0645.<\/p>\n

20- \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

21- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c 1984\u0645.<\/p>\n

22- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

23- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637: \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637: \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635564. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u0635427. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. – \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632: \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635210. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c1984\u0645\u060c \u063570. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. – \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1423\u0647\u0640 \u062c1\u060c\u063575. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. – \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06373\u060c 1423\u0647\u0640 \u060c\u06358. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06372\u060c 1425\u0647\u0640\u0640 \u0635151. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1991\u0645\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635907. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. – \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c\u06371\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c\u063512\u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. – \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0635130\u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u062e\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u063559. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633: \u0635158\u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. – \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c 1958\u0645\u060c \u0635271\u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0635: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u063527. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1981\u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. – \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2011\u0645\u060c \u063566. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633: \u0635135. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. – \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u063598. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. – \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 2014\u0645\u060c \u063538. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u063580. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u0635114. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. – \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u060c\u0635194. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u060c 135. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  24. – \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c 2002\u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a: \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1425\u0647\u0640\u0640 \u060c 2004\u0645.\u0635107. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. – \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u060c \u063589. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  27. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u0633133. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  28. – \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0635176. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  29. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629: \u0635107. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  30. – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: \u0635108. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  31. \n

    – \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0635: \u063527. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f1 1 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4320 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/03\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/02\/2023\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6249","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6249"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6284,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6249\/revisions\/6284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}