{"id":6123,"date":"2023-02-24T14:30:41","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T14:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=6123"},"modified":"2023-02-24T14:30:41","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T14:30:41","slug":"4-2-101","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-2-101\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ahmad123krraz@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj42101<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 21\/01\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The importance of digital transformation in managing engineering projects in municipalities in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and its impact on the quality of implementation<\/strong><\/p>\n

AHMAD ABED ALFATTAH ABEDALAZEEM KARAZ1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Head of the Roads Department, New Kufranga Municipality, Ministry of Local Administration, Jordan. Email: ahmad123krraz@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj42101<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/02\/2023 Accepted at 21\/01\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The study aimed to identify the importance of digital transformation in managing engineering projects in municipalities in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and its impact on the quality of implementation. projects in the municipalities of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive inductive approach was used, as the study concluded the following; The most important pillars of digital transformation in the implementation of projects in municipalities are as follows: increasing the ability to complete projects in municipalities, improving the quality of studies and implementation of projects, as well as moving towards decentralization in project implementation, and working on a better implementation. Global practices in project management with the use of e-government applications, as well as the study concluded; The importance of using geographic information systems in municipalities: producing maps and graphics for reports and extracting sketches, as well as providing an accurate spatial database that explains all phenomena and services that fall within the municipal scope, helping the decision-maker in municipalities to make sound decisions based on spatial information. The study recommended that the municipalities should provide the needs and technologies for the engineering and technical departments in the municipalities by providing modern equipment for the purposes of quality implementation of projects, and the municipalities should also provide the needs and technologies for the engineering and technical departments. Municipalities are able to provide modern equipment for the purposes of quality implementation of projects.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>digital transformation, project quality, geographic information systems, municipalities.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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– \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 (GIS) \u0643\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

– \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

–<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (2022).<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a: \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.\u00a0 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a. Thailand H. Sponberg. 2006))<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.-<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 (GIS) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629(2023) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (2006) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

    \n
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      \n
    • \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 .<\/li>\n
    • \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n
    • \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
      3. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/li>\n
      4. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/li>\n
      5. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n
      6. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n
      7. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
        • \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n

          \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649” \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a : \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n
          2. \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 : \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n
          3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n
          4. \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
          5. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n
          6. \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649” \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ( (GIS\u0643\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

            – \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            – \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n

            – \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            – \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            – \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            – \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

            – \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0651\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

            – \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

            – \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            – \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            – \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n

            \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

            – \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

            – \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

            – \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            – \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

            – \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

            – \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

            – \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

            – \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

            – \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            – \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n

            – \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

            – \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

            – \u00a0\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a , \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f (2021).\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a, 4(5)\u060c 215-231.<\/p>\n

            – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641(2006). \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u064a.(2015). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 GIS \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639 22\u060c \u0635 646-662.<\/p>\n

            – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0638\u0627\u0646( 2005)\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            – \u0622\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631.(2021). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. <\/strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c 4(1)\u060c 225-244.<\/p>\n

            -\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0641(2006). \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

            -\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627.(2023). \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 GIS \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2(4)\u060c 654-667.<\/p>\n

            -\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.(2022). \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(9)\u060c 636-698.<\/p>\n

            – \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 (2023). \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 GIS \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u063975\u060c \u0645\u062c 2.<\/p>\n

            – \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2011). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Thailand H. Sponberg, E. Ossiannilsson, F. Johansen And E. Onstein. (2006). European Gis Course Developments. Partner Expectations And Results In The E- Gis Project. Fov Report No 9, Lund University,Media-Tryck, Lund Isbn 91-974871-5-5.<\/p>\n

            L. Gav\u00e9riaux, G. Laverri\u00e8re, T. Wang, N. Maslov & C. Claramunt. (2019).Gis-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis For Offshore Wind Turbine Deployment In Hong Kong<\/p>\n

            \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u06321 1 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ahmad123krraz@gmail.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj42101 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6123","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6123"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6127,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6123\/revisions\/6127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}