{"id":6082,"date":"2023-02-22T14:48:16","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T14:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=6082"},"modified":"2023-02-22T14:48:21","modified_gmt":"2023-02-22T14:48:21","slug":"4-3-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-3-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Avgb2162@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj433<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/03\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/02\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Economic Factors and their Impact on Solid Waste Management in Environmental Protection<\/strong><\/p>\n

Suleiman Salem Falah Al-Faleh1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Head of the Gardens Department, Umm Al Basateen Municipality, Jordan. Email: Avgb2162@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj433<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/03\/2023 Accepted at 15\/02\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aims to identify economic factors and their impact on solid waste management in environmental protection, as well as analyze these economic factors and investigate the health, environmental and economic effects resulting from their mismanagement. The researcher concluded the following: First; That the economic factors accompanied by an increase in per capita income and the accompanying change in consumer behavior patterns, as well as weak investment spending in the field of municipal services and joint service councils, in addition to commercial openness, changing marketing methods, and the lack of an appropriate investment environment for the service sector, had an impact on solid waste management by increasing Second, the environmental pressure represented by the increased generation and dumping of waste in residential and commercial areas. The improper management of solid waste results in economic effects represented by the health costs of treating diseases resulting from environmental pollution, in addition to the resulting additional costs in waste treatment due to its mismanagement. From the investment spending for the waste management sector in order to increase the number of the population benefiting from the service of this sector for them, as well as the need to adopt the use of modern methods of waste treatment by municipal institutions and joint service councils to reduce the amount of waste thrown to the lowest possible extent instead of using traditional methods, in addition to The need to raise environmental awareness by industrial companies and promote environmentally friendly products.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>solid waste management, economic factors, environmental protection, Jordan.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/li>\n
  2. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n

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    \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n

    \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629(Cunningham,2007) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 (Reduce \u2013 Reuse \u2013 Recycle \u2013 Recovery).<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0644\u0637\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/li>\n
    4. \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n

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      \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n

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        \n
      1. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 :<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 (Greenlaw and Shapiro,2018)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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          \n
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        3. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 : <\/strong>\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c2013) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
        4. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a :<\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

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            \n
          • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631.<\/li>\n
          • \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/li>\n
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          • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
          • \u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n

            \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629(Darample & Leonard,2009)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629(Polonsky,2005) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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            \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/p>\n

            \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631(\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c2015) \u0648\u0647\u064a :<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 : \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992(\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c2016):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \n
              • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
              • \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
              • \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \n
                1. \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c2013).<\/li>\n
                2. \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646.<\/li>\n
                3. \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u062d\u0627\u064e \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a(\u062d\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c2016).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                  2. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
                  3. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n
                  4. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n
                  5. \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                  6. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064e.<\/li>\n
                  7. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n
                  8. \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0631\u063a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 iso 14000\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2001.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 33\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 B\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2015.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c2012.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2013.<\/li>\n
                    • \u062d\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 47\u060c 2016.<\/li>\n
                    • Cunningham, William.p, Cunningham, Marry Ann &SaigoBardara Woodworth, Environmental Science, Library of Congress Cataloging in publication Data 9th ED, 2007.<\/li>\n
                    • Darample Douglas & Parsons Leonard, Marketing Management, 7th ED, John Wiley and sons, 2000.<\/li>\n
                    • Greenlaw Steven A. and Shapiro David, 2018, principles of macroeconomics, 2nd ED, OpenStax, Rice University.<\/li>\n
                    • Polonsky, Michael, Joy, An introduction to green marketing, electronic green journal, vol 1, 2005.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      \u0645. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d1 1 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Avgb2162@gmail.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(3); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj433 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/03\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/02\/2023\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6082","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6082"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6085,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6082\/revisions\/6085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}