{"id":5766,"date":"2023-02-01T03:59:09","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T03:59:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5766"},"modified":"2023-02-05T07:48:18","modified_gmt":"2023-02-05T07:48:18","slug":"4-2-37","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-2-37\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u06291 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/sup>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: omhajer_81@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: abdallah.alshdaifat@mbzuh.ac.ae<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4237<\/p>\n

\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/01\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646”.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Analyzing the Noble Prophet’s Discourse in the Light of Jacobson’s Communicative Theory<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nabiha Khaled Haidara1 <\/sup>Abdullah Tayseer Shadifat2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> College of Arts and Humanities, Mohamed Bin Zayed University for Human Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.<\/p>\n

Email: omhajer_81@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

2<\/sup>Associate Professor, Mohamed Bin Zayed University for Humanities, United Arab Emirates.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 Email: abdallah.alshdaifat@mbzuh.ac.ae<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4237<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4237<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/02\/2023 Accepted at 15\/01\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This research aims to identify the hadiths of the Prophet directed to youth, and their important role in delivering the messages to young people, and what distinguishes this communicative process from other messages directed to its ability to influence young people through.<\/p>\n

As for the research problem, it can be formulated in the following question: What distinguishes the Prophet’s message in the hadiths from the rest of the messages? Can the communicative process in conversations be analyzed according to Jacobson’s theory?<\/p>\n

We reviewed a group of theses, research and previous studies, including:<\/p>\n

)Jawans Ali Helou, Communication Theory – Research in Origins and Perceptions, Ibn Rushd, 2018(<\/p>\n

) Hanafi, Hisham Mahmoud, The Integrative View of Youth in the Noble Qur’an, dt(<\/p>\n

) Imran, Radwan Abdul Karim, The Language of the Prophet’s Hadith According to the Strategies of Discourse, (2016((.<\/p>\n

) Mahdi, Shahrokh, A functional study in the Diwan “In the Beginning Was the Female” by Souad Al-Sabah in the Light of Communication Theory by Roman Jacobson, 2020 (<\/p>\n

(Al-Astal, Ahmed Mustafa, The Impact of Context in Directing the Explanation of Hadiths according to Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani, 2011).<\/p>\n

The study was distinguished from others in terms of the study sample if it specialized in conversations directed to young people, and was distinguished as well as analysis according to Jacobson’s theory, and studies are almost non-existent in the analytical link between conversations and communicative theories “Jacobson’s theory”.<\/p>\n

As for the research methodology, the researcher employed the descriptive analytical method, by describing the communicative elements in the hadith of the Prophet and analyzing them according to Jacobson’s theory.As for the content of the research, it includes: the introduction and three chapters, namely: the first chapter: contains: a definition of communication in language and terminology, then addressing the elements and forms of communication, describing a set of theories and finally explaining the most prominent models of communication. Chapter Two: Contains: Communicative Elements in the Hadith of the Prophet, The sender in the Prophet’s event, the future in the Prophet’s hadith, the message in the hadith, and finally the channel, context and sunnah\u2019s in the hadith Then comes the third chapter: to deal with the six functions of Jacobson and the analysis of hadiths in the light of this model, then the most important observations and results, and then the list of references.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>communication, communication elements, hadiths, Jacobson, communication models.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644: \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064b\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645. [3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646: “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632”. [4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064b\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a:<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 [6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647:<\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u061b \u0641\u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628”.[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644)<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647)<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631: <\/strong>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064d \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f.[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644: <\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u061f\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n

(\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645).[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0645\u0646\u061f<\/li>\n
  2. \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u061f<\/li>\n
  3. \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n
  4. \u0644\u0645\u0646\u061f<\/li>\n
  5. \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 “\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a”:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 “\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629”<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641.[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646: <\/strong>\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631. [12]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n

              \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0650\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u0640 Meta-Lingustics \u061b \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Poetics \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0650\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0650\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646.[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n

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              \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n

              \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n

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              \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628: \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \ufdfa \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0634\u0628\u0651) \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: (\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0634\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064b).<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0641: 115\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 (\u0623\u0634\u062f) \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \ufdfb \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0629 [22]<\/a><\/sup>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0641:(\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0646\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0635\u0651\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u0650 \u06da \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u062a\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0632\u0650\u062f\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0647\u064f\u062f\u064b\u0649<\/strong>) \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0641 13<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n

              \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 8 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\/ \u0623\u0646\u063310 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\/ \u0637\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 11 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0645 12 \u0633\u0646\u0647\/ \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f 14 \u0633\u0646\u0647\/ \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u063517 \u0633\u0646\u0647\/ \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 18 \u0633\u0646\u0647\/ \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> (\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0629 23 \u0633\u0646\u0629\/ \u0645\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 24 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f 24 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \/\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 26 \u0633\u0646\u0629\/ \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d 27 \u0633\u0646\u0629\/ \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0641 30 \u0633\u0646\u0629\/ \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d 30 \u0633\u0646\u0629).<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> (\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646 34\/ \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 37 \u0633\u0646\u0629\/ \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646).[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

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