{"id":5663,"date":"2023-01-28T16:41:16","date_gmt":"2023-01-28T16:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5663"},"modified":"2023-01-28T16:41:16","modified_gmt":"2023-01-28T16:41:16","slug":"4-2-27","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-2-27\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

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HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4227<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 13\/01\/2023\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Efficiency of the Capital Markets and the Unethical Practices in it<\/strong><\/p>\n

BUSHRA OSAMA MOHAMED ALI MASHAL1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD student at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Turkey Abstract<\/p>\n

E-MAIL-bushra.o.mashal@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4227<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/02\/2023 Accepted at 13\/01\/2023 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aimed to introduce the capital markets, determine the efficiency of the markets, and clarify the unethical practices in these markets. The study relied on a set of research methodologies, represented in the inductive approach by extrapolating the literature that dealt with capital markets, and used the descriptive approach based on the definition of capital markets, the efficiency of capital markets, and the unethical practices in them; and the analytical approach to analyze and evaluate capital markets, their efficiency and unethical practices of capital markets.<\/p>\n

The study found that the requirements of economic efficiency in the capital markets are represented in several features, namely: the accuracy and speed of information access to market dealers. Operational efficiency lies in the ability of the market to create a balance between supply and demand without additional costs to its dealers. As well as pricing efficiency and the speed and accuracy of new information when reaching all market players. In addition to liquidity which is represented in the depth of the market in that there are continuous buying and selling orders for market security and growth, the breadth of the market with the presence of a large number of buying and selling orders in it\/them, the speed of the market response by addressing any expected imbalance in supply and demand for the product, and the fairness of the market by providing all its dealers with equal opportunity to deal. `in addition to providing safety by the availability and creation of means to protect against the risks that arise from the business relations between the parties dealing in the market. As well as protection from any and all unethical practices in the capital markets to mention a few: sham selling, price manipulation agreements, monopoly, gambling, and usury & interest.<\/p>\n

The study recommended that capital markets move away from unethical practices that make them lose their credibility and security characters which prevents the achievement of fair price and results in inefficiency.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>capital markets – efficiency – unethical practices<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n

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  1. \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/li>\n
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    \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n

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    \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n

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      \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n

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      \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n

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        \n
      1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628 (2010-2011)[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2001-2009\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631 1988\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633 (2010)[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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            \n
          1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a(2010)[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 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\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/strong> \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627(2010)[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n

              \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

              \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <\/strong>\u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

              1-\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              2-\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>:<\/p>\n

              \u0623-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/strong> (Spot or Cash Market): \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n

              -\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631-<\/strong> (Primary Market): <\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (Investment Banks) \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              -\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644-\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629-(Markets):<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0633\u0640\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

              -\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629) <\/strong>(Organized Capital Market): \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629( \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              -\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629): <\/strong>(Market Capital (Unorganised \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 (Over The Counter (OTC)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 National Association of Security Dealers) NASD) \u0643\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 NASD \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0647\u060c 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              \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (Third Market) :<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u063a\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0645 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (The fourth Market):<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: (Future Market)<\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

              \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/strong>:<\/p>\n

              1-\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              2-\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645<\/strong> \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              3-\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

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              5- \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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              8-\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629[26]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              9-\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636[27]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              10-\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0621\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646<\/strong> \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0621\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

              \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

              1-\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

              \u0623-\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642[29]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>:<\/strong> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 Fair Value \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 Intrinsic Value\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

              -\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

              \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a[30]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646[31]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 Perfectly Efficient Market \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 Economically Efficient Market[32]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0628-\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644[33]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              2-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/p>\n

              \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a: \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

              \u0623-\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong>[34]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a[35]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Randam Walk Theory \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

              \u0628-\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/strong>[37]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>: <\/strong>\u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631[38]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646[39]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u062a-\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>[40]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>: <\/strong>\u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646[41]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647[42]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n

              \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

              1-\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n

              \u0623-\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>[43]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0624\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

              \u0628- \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong>[44]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> : <\/strong>\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 Operational Efficiency \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 Internal Efficiency\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646(\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642) \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n

              \u062a- \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631: <\/strong>\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 Price Efficiency \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 External Efficiency\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 -\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631- \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646[45]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

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              2-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

              \u0623-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>[47]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>: <\/strong>Liquidity \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 Orderly Market \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649[48]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0628-\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a[49]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>:<\/p>\n

              -\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 Market Depth \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647: \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644 Shallow Market \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

              -\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 Market Breadth \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627: \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

              -\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 Resiliency \u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642.<\/p>\n

              \u062a- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>[50]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>: <\/strong>\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 Fair Market \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

              -\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 Trading Halt \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

              -\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 Price Limits \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n

              -\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n

              -\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n

              \u062b- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646: <\/strong>\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0643\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641[51]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

              \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n

              1- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a[52]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>: \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d[53]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              2- \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631[54]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>: \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629[55]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u0634\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644[56]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: \u00ab\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u00bb\u060c[57]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab \u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \ufdfa \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0634 \u00bb.[58]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n

              \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a[59]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \ufdfa \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \ufdfa \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 – \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u2013 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627\u00bb[60]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \ufdfa \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \ufdfa \u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627”[61]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

              \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627<\/p>\n

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              2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629[68]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> : \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a[69]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0633 Manias\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0639 Bubbles.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644[70]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> \u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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              3- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627[74]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> :\u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

              \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u2013\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 [75]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> \u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649:” \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 “[76]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>. \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \ufdfa \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \ufdfa \u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 : \u00ab \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u00bb.[77]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              1-\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 <\/strong>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n

              2-\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n

              3-\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a <\/strong>\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 <\/strong>\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 <\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628<\/strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              1-<\/strong>\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

              2-<\/strong>\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2001-2009. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d- \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

              \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 2 – 6 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010.<\/p>\n

              \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 25- 29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010.<\/p>\n

              \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0646 \u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c 2019).<\/p>\n

              \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 2018).<\/p>\n

              \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c 2016).<\/p>\n

              \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1971).<\/p>\n

              \u0633\u0631\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0637\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n

              10-<\/em> \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (2013).<\/p>\n

              11-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u060c(\u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c2011).<\/p>\n

              13-\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n

              14-\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c( \u062f \u062a).<\/p>\n

              15-\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/em> \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f \u062a).<\/p>\n

              16-\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645(\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642)<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2010).<\/p>\n

              17-\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

              18-\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 2006).<\/p>\n

              19-\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629(\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629)<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c 2011).<\/p>\n

              20-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a https:\/\/books.google<\/a> .<\/p>\n

              21-\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>(\u062f \u0637).<\/p>\n

              21-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

              22-\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/em> \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n

              23-\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629. \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644(\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2018).<\/p>\n

              24-\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 2009).<\/p>\n

              25-\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 7.<\/p>\n

              26-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644-\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0627\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n

              27-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0627\u060c 2018).<\/p>\n

              28-\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2011).<\/p>\n

              29-\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646(1977-2010)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629).<\/p>\n

              30-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n

              31-\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a -\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 25-29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010.<\/p>\n

              32-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2008\u060c ( 2008).<\/p>\n

              33- \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

              34-\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 25-29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010.<\/p>\n

              35-\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a)<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006).<\/p>\n

              35-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0635\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c 1986)\u060c \u062c 4.<\/p>\n

              36-\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u0627\u060c (\u062f \u0637) \u060c (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f \u062a) \u060c\u062c 2.<\/p>\n

              37-\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1991)\u060c \u062c 1.<\/p>\n

              38-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a https:\/\/books.google.<\/a> .<\/p>\n

              39-\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645 3\u060c \u0637 1\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c 1998).<\/p>\n

              40-\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0637 3\u060c( \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 2002)\u060c \u062c6.<\/p>\n

              41-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644\u060c2014).<\/p>\n

              42- \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a-\u0625\u064a\u0641\u064a-\u060c 2021)\u060c 26.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2001-2009. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d- \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              2. \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              3. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c 2-6 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              4. \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c 25 – 29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              5. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c 2019)\u060c 24. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 2018)\u060c 76. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c ( \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c 2016). \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              6. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 25. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              7. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 26 30. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              8. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0637\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1971)\u060c 37. \u0633\u0631\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c 2017). \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              9. \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (2013)\u060c 24. \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c 81. \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 14. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              10. \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a-\u0625\u064a\u0641\u064a-\u060c 2021)\u060c 26. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              11. \u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/em>\u060c 24. \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 14.\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c 97. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              12. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u060c(\u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c2011)\u060c 62. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 17. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              13. \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 62. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 18. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              14. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c29. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              15. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 29-30. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              16. \u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2017)\u060c 37 38. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              17. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 38. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              18. \u062e\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c( \u062f \u062a)\u060c 86. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              19. \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/em> \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f \u062a)\u060c 40-46. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              20. \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645(\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642)<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2010)\u060c 14. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              21. \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015)\u060c 25-26. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              22. \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 2006)\u060c 667. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              23. \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629(\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629)<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c 2011)\u060c 94 95. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              24. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 23 24\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a https:\/\/books.google<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 20\/6\/2022. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              25. \u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a -\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629-<\/em>\u060c (\u062f \u0637)\u060c 146 147. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              26. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em>666-667.. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              27. \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/em> 46. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              28. \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c 146-147. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              29. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 264. \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em>\u060c 489 492.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015)\u060c 67. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              30. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/em> 265 266. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 494 497. \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/em> \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 2012)\u060c 154. \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c 115. \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629.\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644(\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2018)\u060c 132. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              31. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 2009)\u060c 56. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              32. \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629<\/em>\u060c 133. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              33. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 266. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 497 \u060c \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 67. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              34. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 267. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 503. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              35. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 7. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              36. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644-\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631:\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0627\u060c 2017)\u060c 249. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0627\u060c 2018)\u060c 58. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              37. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 267 268. \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 249. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              38. \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 58. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 7. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              39. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 506 507. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              40. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 26. \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c 249. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              41. \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 58. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 7. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              42. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 510 511. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              43. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 269. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              44. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 270. \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em>\u060c 502. \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 155. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 6. \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629<\/em>\u060c 116. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              45. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em> \u060c 270. \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 155. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em>\u060c 501. \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 6. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              46. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 271 272. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              47. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              48. \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em>\u060c 525. \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 58. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              49. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 271 272. \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/em> 534 .535. . \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 59.\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/em>\u060c 28 29. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              50. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c272 273. \u0622\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 60-69. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              51. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c273. \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 155\u060c \u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c 116. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              52. \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2011)\u060c 138 139. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              53. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646(1977-2010)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629)\u060c 140.\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c 2020)\u060c 70. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a -\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 25-29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010\u060c (\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 2010): 13 14.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c 5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2008\u060c ( 2008) : 14. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              54. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 193. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              55. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c 140. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/em>\u060c 71. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c 2015)\u060c 38. \u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 13.\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 13 14. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              56. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 139 141. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 25-29 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010. 524. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a)<\/em>\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006)\u060c 51. \u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c 14. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              57. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 188. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              58. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0635\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c 1986)\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0634\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 2142\u060c \u0635 416. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              59. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c 140. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              60. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u0627\u060c (\u062f \u0637) \u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f \u062a) \u060c\u062c 2\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u062d\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 1973\u060c \u0635 732. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              61. \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1991)\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645:”\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627”\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 101\u060c \u0635 99. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              62. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 142 143. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              63. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c 140. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              64. \u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 13.\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 14 15. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              65. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c 36\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a https:\/\/books.google.<\/a> . \u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 15. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              66. \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645 3\u060c \u0637 1\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c 1998)\u060c\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 2153\u060c \u0635518. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              67. \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0637 3\u060c( \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 2002)\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 11150\u060c \u0635 94 50. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              68. \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 144 147. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              69. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c 140. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              70. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644\u060c2014)\u060c 462. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              71. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 525. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              72. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0635 90 91. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              73. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c1\u060c\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0630\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u063a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 6274\u060c \u0635 450. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              74. \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 147 149. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              75. \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062a)<\/em>\u060c \u062f \u0637\u060c (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u060c2009)\u060c 43. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              76. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635278 279. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
              77. \n

                \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 1598\u060c \u0635 1219. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u06441 1 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: bushra.o.mashal@gmail.com HNSJ, 2023, 4(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4227 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 13\/01\/2023\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5663","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5663"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5663\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5675,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5663\/revisions\/5675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}