{"id":5436,"date":"2023-01-02T07:02:16","date_gmt":"2023-01-02T07:02:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5436"},"modified":"2023-01-02T07:02:22","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T07:02:22","slug":"4-1-32","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-1-32\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u062c\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">HNSJ, 2023, 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4132<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/32\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629-\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.pdf\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 22\/12\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u061b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-5436-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a><strong>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Reading and its development at the primary stage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>ISRAA MOHAMAD AL KAHWAJI<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Istanbul Aydin University<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">HNSJ, 2023, 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4132<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Published at 01\/01\/2023 Accepted at 22\/12\/2022 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This brief article talks about how to develop reading skill; due to its increasing importance in our present time, through which the child&#8217;s thinking, imagination and knowledge expand. The article is limited to the primary stage, which includes the first four grades, as it is the stage of rooting the child on fixed bases and from which the child takes off to the knowledge world, Where the article sought to find simplified means that guide the teacher to what draws the attention of the child at this age and Help the teacher to use the most appropriate methods in training the student to read.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>Reading development, primary stage<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 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href=\"#post-5436-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 ( 6 \u06487 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a ) :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d 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justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 <sup><a id=\"post-5436-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-5436-footnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 : <\/strong>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 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:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0637 14 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u2013 1968 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u2013 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0634 \u060c \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u2013 \u0637 1 \u2013 2016 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 &#8211; \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 &#8211; \u0637 1 &#8211; \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 2009 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 1 \u2013 5 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) <a id=\"post-5436-_Hlk106106608\"><\/a>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 &#8211; \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 &#8211; \u0637 1 -\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0635 3564 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) <a id=\"post-5436-_Hlk105758020\"><\/a>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 &#8211; 2009 \u2013 \u0635 60 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 &#8211; \u0635 62 \u2013 66 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) <a id=\"post-5436-_Hlk106017981\"><\/a>\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0637 3 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0635 66 \u060c 67 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0635 313 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 &#8211; \u0635 67 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 &#8211; \u0635 69 \u2013 71 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0637 14 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u2013 1968 \u2013 89 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0635 160 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 &#8211; \u0635 68 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0637 2 -2004 \u2013 \u0635 78 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">( \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u2013 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0634 \u060c \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u2013 \u0637 1 \u2013 2016 \u2013 \u0635 88 \u060c 93 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">) <a id=\"post-5436-_Hlk106090141\"><\/a>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0635 73 \u2013 75 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-5436-footnote-15\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0635 76 . <a href=\"#post-5436-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u062c\u064a1 1 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 HNSJ, 2023, 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4132 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 22\/12\/2022\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5436","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5436"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5458,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5436\/revisions\/5458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}