{"id":5397,"date":"2023-01-02T06:33:09","date_gmt":"2023-01-02T06:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5397"},"modified":"2023-01-02T06:33:16","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T06:33:16","slug":"4-1-22","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-1-22\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u06411<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: amaniallaf52@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ\u060c 2023\u060c 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4122<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/12\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Arabic literature and its use in teaching the Arabic language<\/strong><\/p>\n

AMANI ALAFF1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY<\/p>\n

Email: amaniallaf52@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ\u060c 2023\u060c 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj4122<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/01\/2023 Accepted at 15\/12\/2022 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The literature lessons were and still suffer from problems that push it back\u060c whether in teaching it to Arab students or foreign\u060c and this created a gap that began to widen with time and distance students from this great art. In his teaching\u060c I explained the expected objectives of the literature lessons. And I talked about the differences between the Arab recipients and the foreign recipients.<\/p>\n

To conclude\u060c with the proposed solutions and the steps to be followed to employ literature in reality in teaching Arabic to students. to expand their linguistic vocabulary to present and avoid lengthening.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Arabic literature. Employment literature\u060c teaching the Arabic language.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n
  2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/li>\n
  3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/li>\n
  4. \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/li>\n
  5. \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 – \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646- \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u0646\u064c \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064c \u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0624\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u064f\u0633\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u064f\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0650\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u061b \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628[3]<\/a><\/sup>: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 ( \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a[4]<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n

      1 .\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

      2 .\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

      3 .\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

      \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      4 .\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

      5 .\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628.<\/p>\n

      6 .\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0649 – \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629- \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635. \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

      \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628[5]<\/a><\/sup>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n