{"id":5292,"date":"2023-01-02T02:41:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-02T02:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5292"},"modified":"2023-01-02T02:41:06","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T02:41:06","slug":"4-1-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/4-1-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: a.soulali@um5r.ac.ma<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj415<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2023\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 02\/12\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

International experiences in teaching with digital textbooks<\/strong><\/p>\n

Soulali Abdelali , Kamil Wafaa <\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Research Professor, Faculty of Education Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.<\/p>\n

Email: a.soulali@um5r.ac.ma<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> High school teacher and researcher in geography, PhD holder in geography, from Hassan II University, Mohammedia, Morocco.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2023, 4(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj415<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/01\/2023 Accepted at 02\/12\/2022 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The study aims to shed light on some of the leading international experiences in adopting the digital textbook through the experience of the Korean educational system, the Malaysian educational system, and the educational system of some American states. Then we will try to project the circumstances and conditions of those experiences on the Moroccan educational reality, while anticipating the possibility of shifting towards the adoption of the national digital textbook. The study analyzed the official educational documents available on the official website of the Ministry of Education in the three countries, based on six criteria: Infrastructure, software, official educational documents, production of digital content, connectivity to the Internet, and a summary of the most important academic studies evaluating the experience of the digital textbook. The study concluded with the peculiarity of each experiment while confirming the leadership of the South Korean experiment, which several countries tried to emulate, such as the Malaysian and Moroccan educational systems.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Paper textbook, digital textbook, Korean experience, Malaysian experience, Moroccan experience.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629…\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a “\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633” (2004) \u0648”\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627” \u0648”\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627” (2009) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (2007).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (ICT)\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

1.2 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1.2.1 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623. \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a”\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Bayon and al) \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629” (Bong et al., 2012) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Gwak et al ) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646”. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640\u062c\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Jeong et al)\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (KERIS)[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 ” \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629” (Jeong & Kim, 2015) . \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645)\u061b \u062b\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (e-textbook or e-text). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. (Hamedi & Ezaleila, 2015)<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f<\/li>\n
  • \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a…<\/li>\n
  • \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n
  • \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n
  • \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n
  • \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \/ \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u061b \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n
  • \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/li>\n
  • \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n