{"id":5173,"date":"2022-12-03T17:56:54","date_gmt":"2022-12-03T17:56:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5173"},"modified":"2022-12-03T17:57:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T17:57:00","slug":"3-12-47","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-12-47\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a1<\/sup> \u0623 \u062f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a2<\/sup><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: m.e.m1431@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Dr_alajmilubna@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj31247<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 20\/11\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0645\u062a (35) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (32) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

A proposed conception of professional development for science female teachers who work in science laboratories for the primary stage considering the requirements of virtual laboratories.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mona Matar Ahmed Al-Zahrani 1<\/sup>, Prof. Dr. Lubna Hussein Rashid Al-Ajmi2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD Researcher, Science Curricula and Methods, College of Education, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n

Email: m.e.m1431@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

2 Professor of Curriculum and Teaching Methods of Science, College of Education, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n

Email: Dr_alajmilubna@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj31247<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/12\/2022 Accepted at 20\/11\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This research aimed to identify the professional development needs of science teachers at the primary stage who are working on science laboratories in Abha city in light of the requirements of virtual laboratories, and to check the differences in those in the degree of needs, which can be attributed to the variables of specialization, experience and training courses, and to achieve those goals, the descriptive analytical approach was used, by applying a questionnaire to the members of the research sample, which included (35) female teachers, and the questionnaire consisted of (32) items, and three dimensions. The results of the research indicated a high level of appreciation of the professional development needs of science laboratory preparations in light of the requirements of the virtual laboratories from the point of view of the teachers, whether in the total degree or the three skills, and the results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of estimation of the research sample. Considering the results of the research, a proposed conception of professional development has been prepared for the teachers who work in the science laboratories for the primary stage considering the requirements of virtual laboratories, and accordingly some recommendations and proposals have been developed.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Professional Development- Virtual Labs<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 (2030\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 (\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c 1438\u0647\u0640\u0640). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0640\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0640\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c 2014).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0640\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629(Lunetta & Hofstein, 2003) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 (2016)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064a (Kapici & Akcay, 2020) \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 (2016)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c 2012). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a “Virtual Physics Lab” \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 ” \u0647\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 ” Houston \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 “\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646” (Loftin)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 2019).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0648 (Turkey & Al-Sbou, 2022) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a (2016) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0640\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0640\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0640\u0642\u0640\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0640\u0631 \u0639\u0640\u0627\u0645 (2018)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0640\u064a- \u062a\u062d\u0640\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0640\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644”\u060c \u0636\u0640\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0640\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a (2020)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0640\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0640\u0629\u00a0\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0640\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a”” \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0639 (2021)\u061b \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 2019).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 (2017)\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 2030 \u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061f <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. <\/a> \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0646\u061f<\/li>\n
  2. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.05\u2265\u03b1) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629)\u061f<\/li>\n
  3. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    1. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

    2. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629).<\/p>\n

    3. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    3. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u062d\u0640\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n