{"id":5067,"date":"2022-12-03T12:14:39","date_gmt":"2022-12-03T12:14:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5067"},"modified":"2022-12-03T12:14:44","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T12:14:44","slug":"3-12-19","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-12-19\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

*\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: sumia462010@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj31219<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 10\/11\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Water validity of domestic wells in Port Sudan – Red Sea State \u2013 Sudan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sumia Abdelhalim Ali Abdelhalim1<\/sup>, Wegdan Deyab Elgaali1<\/sup>, Nasir Abdelrahman1<\/sup>, Moustafa Abdelrahman1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ahmed Saifaldin Mohamedkhair Ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Faculty of Engineering- Red Sea University<\/p>\n

Email: sumia462010@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj31219<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/12\/2022 Accepted at 10\/11\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

Port Sudan is located in the Red Sea State – Sudan. This city is fed by water from Arbaat resvoir , where we find that the storage capacity does not cover the needs of the city, and due to the lack of water for a period of not less than 6 months of the year, the citizens resorted to individual solutions, as wells were dug inside the houses, their number almost reached 10,000 wells, some of which were drilled Automatically “and others manually”, this study was conducted in order to identify the suitability of the ground water wells for different uses, where a number of thirty one samples of wells were collected from different locations in the study area, and some different physical, chemical and biological analyzes were conducted for them (colour, smell, taste, Total soluble salts, conductivity Electrolyte, pH, nitrate, coliform and escherichia test} After extracting the results and comparing them with the Sudanese and international specifications for drinking water, it was found that these wells are unfit for use.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 Introduction:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u060c\u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 70.8% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627” \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u060c\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0621<\/sup>\u060c\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u060c\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649( \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0623\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 ) (\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0631\/9).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 1400\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u060c\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 1018<\/sup>\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 97%\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a.\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 .\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 1% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u06443 %\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a1999).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f1996).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a .\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0631 \u060c\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. (\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\/1999) \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627”\u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 :Water quality <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.( Almasri 2007)<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 .\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627”\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627” \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627” \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629.\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0627” \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627” \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 .\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u060c\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u060c\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c\u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u060c\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 Literature review <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a -\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a_ \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0629 .\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 (2015)<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2019) \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 .\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064582 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2008.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Research Objective:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629Research Area :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 Terrain<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 60 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627” . \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 6\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 2\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:-<\/p>\n