{"id":5029,"date":"2022-12-03T10:18:47","date_gmt":"2022-12-03T10:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=5029"},"modified":"2022-12-03T10:18:52","modified_gmt":"2022-12-03T10:18:52","slug":"3-12-8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-12-8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u06351<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: othmanomar555@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3128<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 06\/11\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The mandatory nature of international treaties in international law<\/strong><\/p>\n

Othman Omar Abokhres1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Faculty of Sharia and Law, Al Asmariya Islamic University, Zliten, Libya.<\/p>\n

Email: othmanomar555@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3128<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/12\/2022 Accepted at 06\/11\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

International treaties, in view of the place they occupy in contemporary life, represent the distinguishing mark of the external legal activities practiced by persons of international law. International treaties and their development in various fields, the increasing importance of international treaties as a major source of international law is an objective issue, not decided by the desire of any state, but imposed by the laws that govern the development of the international community, the most numerous, abundant and increasing rules of international law are the convention rules resulting from international treaties.<\/p>\n

International treaties in public international law do not depart in their nature from achieving a benefit or interest that the parties to the contract aim at, and it is one of the ways to end war between the conflicting countries by peaceful means, and it should not conflict with a peremptory norm of general international law. They are the general rules of application that may not be derogated from and cannot be changed except by a subsequent rule of this law<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 : \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n

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\u0648<\/strong>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

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\u2013 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

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\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 <\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a([20]<\/a><\/sup>) \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629([21]<\/a><\/sup>) .<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a Anziloty ” \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 “([22]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a .<\/p>\n

2- \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n

1 – \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n

2 – \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629([23]<\/a><\/sup>) .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 :<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 : \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 .<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 : \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 .<\/p>\n

– \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 : \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a : \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 . \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n

– \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

– \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 .<\/p>\n

– \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0643.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 ” \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 ” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a ” .<\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 26 \u060c 27 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1969 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 13 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 ” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 “([28]<\/a><\/sup>) .<\/p>\n

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2 – \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989 .<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0640\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0641 , \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 , \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

2. \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 , \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1962 .<\/p>\n

3. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 , 1997.<\/p>\n

4. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a, \u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 .<\/p>\n

5. \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a . \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f44 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2021 .<\/p>\n

6. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a ” \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 .<\/p>\n

7. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u06371\u060c 1995 .<\/p>\n

8. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1997.<\/p>\n

9. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u062a\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u060c ” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1986.<\/p>\n

10. \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 ” .<\/p>\n

11. \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991.<\/p>\n

12. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1970.<\/p>\n

13. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1959 .<\/p>\n

14. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a ELGA \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002 .<\/p>\n

15. \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2001 .<\/p>\n

16. \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2010 \u060c<\/p>\n

17. \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1982.<\/p>\n

18. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990.<\/p>\n

19. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1999.<\/p>\n

. Nguyen Quoc Dinh-Patrick Daillier Allain Pellet , OP.CIT .20<\/p>\n

21. David Ruzie , Droit international public , 14 \u00e8me \u00e9dition, Dalloz, Paris<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \n
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  12. () \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u062a\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u060c ” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1986 \u060c \u0635676 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. () \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u062a\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 677 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. () \u062f. \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646 ” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 ” . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  15. () \u062f . \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991 \u060c \u0635130 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  16. () \u062f . \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1970 \u060c \u0635 108 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. () \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1959 \u0635 126 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. () \u062f . \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a ELGA \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002 \u060c \u063521 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. () \u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2001 \u060c \u0635118 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. () \u062f . \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2010 \u060c \u0635517 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. () \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1982 \u060c \u0635 109. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. () \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1990 \u060c \u0635524 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. () \u062f . \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 132 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  24. () \u062f. \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 517 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. () \u062f . \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 117 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. () \u062f . \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 194 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  27. )( Nguyen Quoc Dinh-Patrick Daillier Allain Pellet , OP.CIT , P.748 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  28. () \u062f. \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 532 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  29. )( David Ruzie , Droit international public , 14 \u00e8me \u00e9dition, Dalloz, Paris, P 211 . \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  30. \n

    () \u062f . \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1999 \u060c \u063543 . \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u06351 1 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: othmanomar555@gmail.com HNSJ, 2022, 3(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3128 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 06\/11\/2022\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5029","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5029"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5057,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5029\/revisions\/5057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}