{"id":4593,"date":"2022-10-01T15:20:56","date_gmt":"2022-10-01T15:20:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=4593"},"modified":"2022-10-01T15:21:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-01T15:21:00","slug":"3-10-6","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-10-6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 2<\/sup> \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 <\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647. \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633 zakariamahmoudi8@gmail.com<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c<\/p>\n

3<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633 mahmoudislimanf@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(10); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3106<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/10\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 09\/09\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628 69 % \u0628\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a \u064843 % \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u064840 % \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064834% \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1936 \u06482019.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The dynamics of the forest in the high Moulouya Basin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zakaria Mahmoudi 1<\/sup>, Riahi Saber 2<\/sup>, Suleiman Mahmoudi 3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 <\/sup>PhD student. Studies and Research Laboratory in Geography, Meknes zakariamahmoudi8@gmail.com<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Researcher, Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences in Meknes, Laboratory of Studies and Research in Geography,<\/p>\n

3<\/sup> PhD student researcher, Laboratory of Studies and Research in Geography, Meknes mahmoudislimanf@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(10); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3106<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/10\/2022 Accepted at 09\/09\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The forest landscapes of Haute Moulouya have known during the last decades various dynamics in qualitative and quantitative dynamic due to several factors either natural or anthropiques.la results degraded forest landscapes. our goal of this study is to investigate the reality of the forest resources of the Upper Moulouya basin in terms of dynamism and its evolution since 1936 to 2019 from:(satellite image; Geographic Information Systems GIS; and remotes ensign space …) In addition, we followed the various factors contributing to this dynamic; and we discovered the different forms of development that this region has undergone; while proposing certain solutions to protect and preserve these resources exposed to various forms of degradation in this area of climate and topographical transition space.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Haute-Moulouya Basin, Geographic Information Systems, Dynamics, Forest ecosystems, Management.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

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1: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u06451: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

2: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 ArcGis10.03 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0650 (EMBERGER. 1936) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 : (, WORLDCLIM V2\u00a0USGS) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a (FAO.ORG\u0648POWER. LARC. NASA .GOV) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (ETM : LANDSAT8-LANDSAT1-5MSSC2L1-TM : LANDSAT2) \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30\u0645x30\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 1976\u0645 \u0648 2019\u0645.\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 NDVI \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062dArcGis10.3 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 NDVI \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 1\/50000\u0648 200000\/ 1\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 10\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n

3: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

3 1: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1936\u06482019<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u06452: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a 1936<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644 L. EMBERGER \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1936<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1976\u0645<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a Landsat4-5\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1976<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4: \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2019<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a Landsat 8\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2019<\/p>\n

2-3: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 1936\u06482019\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1936\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 255899\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 140154 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2019\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635115745 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 83\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a 1395\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06451: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 1936 \u06482019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628(\u0647)\u0633\u0646\u06292019<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628(\u0647)\u0633\u0646\u06291976<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628(\u0647) \u0633\u0646\u06291936<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16917<\/td>\n35609<\/td>\n54405<\/td>\n\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32698<\/td>\n46555<\/td>\n57727<\/td>\n\u0625\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/a> 53890<\/td>\n67247<\/td>\n82238<\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36649<\/td>\n56319<\/td>\n61529<\/td>\n\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140154<\/td>\n205730<\/td>\n255899<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06452: \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1936 \u06482019<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a (\u0647)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631
\n\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062983 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n		\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 1936\u06482019(\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628%
\n1976\u06482019<\/strong><\/td>\n		\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 1976\u06482019(\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628%
\n1936\u06481976<\/strong><\/td>\n		\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 1936\u06481976(\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a
\n\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-452<\/td>\n-69%<\/td>\n-37488<\/td>\n-52%<\/td>\n<\/a> -18692<\/td>\n-35%<\/td>\n<\/a> -18796<\/td>\n\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-302<\/td>\n-43%<\/td>\n<\/a> -25029<\/td>\n-30%<\/td>\n–<\/a>13857<\/td>\n-19%<\/td>\n<\/a> -11172<\/td>\n\u0625\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-342<\/td>\n-34%<\/td>\n-28348<\/td>\n-20%<\/td>\n-13357<\/td>\n-18%<\/td>\n-14991<\/td>\n\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-300<\/td>\n-40%<\/td>\n-24880<\/td>\n-35%<\/td>\n-19670<\/td>\n-8%<\/td>\n-5210<\/td>\n\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1 \u06482\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n

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4: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1-4: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a WORLCLIM V2<\/p>\n

\u0623: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 15%\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u06455). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3747\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f 1100\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 200\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u06451). \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062933.38% \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 1304.7\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 25% \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 1003\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 23% \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 937\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 16% \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 634\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2(\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u06457)\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642.\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 0\u00b0 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 (\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0648\u060c 2002).<\/p>\n

\u062a: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1989\u0625\u0644\u0649 2018 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 6)\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 438 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0648163\u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 389\u0648438 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 2.8% \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 287\u0648389\u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 19.95% \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 287\u0648243 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 26.4%\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 200\u0645\u0644\u0645\u060c\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 (MHIRIT.1999).<\/p>\n

\u062b: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u062c: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0631\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062c-\u0623: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 7 (CAVALAR. 1950)\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0650\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064f\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (35)\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062931.2% \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 1218.92\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2 \u060c\u062a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 (13) \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 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\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 45%. (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 8) (MINIST\u0114RE DE L’\u00c9NERGIE ET DE MINES.1985)<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 7: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 CAVALLAR1950<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a (ZAMRANE. 2016) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629 (MHIRIT, 1999) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a…) \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629…\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 6: \u0644\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 1985<\/p>\n

2-4: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623: \u0642\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0:\u0623\u064a\u062a \u062e\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0647) \u0648\u0623\u064a\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 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\u062c\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627 (MICKAEL, 1976)\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062b\u064e\u0627\u062b\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u062a\u0652\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0652\u0633\u0652\u0631\u0652\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062a.\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u062f 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(\u0634\u062d\u0648\u060c 2011)<\/p>\n

\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 ( 3) \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 1994-2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/td>\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n1994<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n1994<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n193139<\/td>\n212630<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 1994-2004-2014<\/td>\n

229374<\/td>\n32620<\/td>\n41270<\/td>\n48965<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 56829\u0633\u0646\u06291952\u0625\u0644\u0649 193139 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994 \u0625\u0644\u0649 229374 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014\u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628 36250 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1994\u0625\u0644\u0649 2014.\u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 1813 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a 0.9\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06481.7 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 4.2 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0645\u064a\u06292.9… (\u0645\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a\u060c 2014).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0646 32620\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994\u0625\u0644\u0649 48965\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 16345\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 20 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 817 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644 3268\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 200000\u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c 2020)\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u00b3(MHIRT ET BENCHKROUN. 2006)<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u062a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u060c\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 22700\u0645\u00b3 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u06481500 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u064830\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a14150000 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a 80112500\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a\u060c 2019)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0634\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 17.7%\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627 (HECFLCP, 2016).<\/p>\n

\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0650\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644 \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0633…) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0642\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20346 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06292020) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 …<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (HECFLCP.2016) \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20346\u0647. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062a\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n