{"id":4483,"date":"2022-09-03T13:42:38","date_gmt":"2022-09-03T13:42:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=4483"},"modified":"2022-09-03T13:42:45","modified_gmt":"2022-09-03T13:42:45","slug":"3-9-37","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-9-37\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u06461<\/sup> \u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/p>\n

Email:saraa.0001284@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/p>\n

Email: a0796350771@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3937<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/09\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 27\/08\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Degree to Which the Principles of Constructivist Theory are Included in the Life Sciences Books for the Secondary Stage in Jordan – an Analytical Study<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esraa Hanafi Mahmoud Zaytoun1<\/sup> Sajida Saleh Salama Al-Zaarer2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD in Curriculum and Teaching, International University of Islamic Sciences\/ Jordan<\/p>\n

Email: saraa.0001284@gmail.com<\/p>\n

2 Ph.D. in Curriculum and Teaching, International University of Islamic Sciences\/ Jordan<\/p>\n

Email: a0796350771@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3937<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/09\/2022 Accepted at 27\/08\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The study aimed to find out the degree to which the principles of constructivist theory are included in the life sciences textbooks for the secondary stage in Jordan. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach. The study population and its sample consisted of life science books for the first secondary grades (part one, part two), and the second grade. A standardized tool (content analysis form) was used that includes the principles of constructivist theory. The study resulted in the following results: That the degree of including the principles of constructivist theory in life science books for the first secondary grade is greater than the degree of including life science books for the second secondary grade, and that there are statistically significant differences in the degree to which life science books are included for the first secondary and second grades, due to the grade variable, and this is evident in the third, fourth, fifth and sixth fields in terms of the value of the square (chi2) and the level of significance accompanying it. It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences in the extent to which life science books for the first secondary and second grades were included for the first and second fields. The study recommended conducting more studies related to the constructivist theory.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>constructivist theory, principles of constructivist theory, life sciences books.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0637\u0647\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c 2022) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c 2020)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c 2020) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u060c 2011)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1 – \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a)\u061f<\/p>\n

2 – \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a)\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a).<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a)\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

2 – \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

– \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 .<\/p>\n

– \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

1 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2021\/2022.<\/p>\n

3 – \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

4 \u2013\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649:<\/strong> “\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647” (\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c 2019: 76)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> “\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u064f \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647” (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c 2003: 304).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a:<\/strong> “\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (13\/ 2016) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12\/ 1\/ 2016 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2016\/ 2017\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629” (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c 2016: 2).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a:<\/strong> “\u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1\/ 2017) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17\/ 1\/ 2017 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2017\/ 2018\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629” (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c 2017: 2).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 (\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c 2003).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u061b \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\/ \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2003).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a (2016) \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 .<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

3 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

4 \u2013 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

5 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643(\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c 2016).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (V):<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Novak and Gowin, 1984):<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064f: \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c 2007):<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

3 \u2013 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c 2007).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 2016): <\/strong><\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

3 \u2013 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

4 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642.<\/p>\n

5 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n

1 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

3 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 (Haney & Macarthur, 2002).<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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