{"id":3783,"date":"2022-06-02T14:11:28","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T14:11:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3783"},"modified":"2022-06-02T14:11:32","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T14:11:32","slug":"3-6-20","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-6-20\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \/ \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong> \u0648\u0633\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 ) \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0643 ( \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 )<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: haydeer1987@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 ( \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 ) \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0643 ( \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 )<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: wasnkhifa70@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3620<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/06\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 20\/05\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636\u061f \u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 . \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a, \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The role of Islamic Sukuk in achieving sustainable development\/review and evaluation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hayder Ali KADHIM ALFATLAWI Wasan Khifah ABDULRIDHA ALSAED2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Postgraduate Student (PhD), Faculty of Business, Department of Finance and Banking, University of Karabuk (UNIKA). Emil: haydeer1987@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup><\/strong> Postgraduate Student (PhD), Faculty of Business, Department of Finance and Banking, University of Karabuk (UNIKA). Emil: wasnkhifa70@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3620<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/06\/2022 Accepted at 20\/05\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The purpose of the study is to highlight an important tool of Islamic finance. Which increased the volume of dealing with it at the level of International, which is Islamic Sukuk. It has become the focus of all developed countries and is considered an alternative To traditional securitization based on usury.<\/p>\n

The research aims to review Islamic Sukuk and its role as a financing alternative to traditional financing, highlight the role of Islamic Sukuk in supporting and activating sustainable development activities, and evaluate Islamic Sukuk by discussing the risks related to them and how to manage these risks.<\/p>\n

problem was represented in the following questions: Do Islamic Sukuk represent an acceptable alternative to financing by loans? Are Islamic Sukuk exposed to the same risks as conventional sources of financing?<\/p>\n

The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, where he reviewed the literature on the subject and what was available to him from previous studies, which is based on the collection of data and information related to the instruments from all their aspects to address the various aspects of the research and so that he can build a vision that helps to solve the research problem and achieve its goals, to identify and evaluate the reality of this experiment.<\/p>\n

The researcher concluded that Islamic Sukuk is a modern financing formula that differs from traditional financing forms, as it does not depend on interest, but rather on profit and loss sharing. Islamic Sukuk is a successful way to support sustainable development activities Because it can adapt projects of public interest regardless of their profitability. Islamic Sukuk is more dangerous for the bank than traditional financing, because Sukuk enters the bank in a process of partnership with the investor, so the bank may lose the project. The researcher recommends the necessity of expanding the applications of Islamic Sukuk and its adoption in financing mega projects and real estate investments. The necessity of activating farming instruments and supporting agricultural investment has become an urgent need in our countries. The need to raise awareness and entice toward Islamic financing sources in general, and Islamic instruments in particular.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Islamic Sukuk, sustainable development, risks of Islamic Sukuk, risk management of Islamic Sukuk.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n
  2. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    – \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n

    – \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0661) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 ) <\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \u0662)<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u060c \u0662\u066020 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627).<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \u0663) <\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\/ \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 ).<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    6) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 ).<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>: \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :-<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

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