{"id":3764,"date":"2022-06-02T13:33:44","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T13:33:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3764"},"modified":"2022-06-02T13:33:49","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T13:33:49","slug":"3-6-8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-6-8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: maher.ka84@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1053-5052<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj368<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/06\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 10\/05\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Employing the linguistic and grammatical level of non-native Arabic learners who wish to work as a journalist<\/strong><\/p>\n

MAHER ABO ALI1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Istanbul aydin University, Turkey.<\/p>\n

EMAIL: maher.ka84@Gmail.com<\/p>\n

Scientific identifier: <\/strong>https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1053-5052<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj368<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/06\/2022 Accepted at 10\/05\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

In this article, I summarized how to employ the grammatical and linguistic level of non-native Arabic learners and those wishing to work in the press and media, as there are many levels that the worker in the journalistic field must understand well, but the most important of them is the grammatical level, as most linguists and linguists have found that Primarily from the rules of grammar, and because adjusting words incorrectly leads – of course – to a misunderstanding of the information to be conveyed, so focus on the grammar has become necessary and necessary more than ever, especially with the spread and development of the media from television, radio and newspapers to social media of various kinds.<\/p>\n

\u00a0In addition, the linguistic level also became important, because we know very well that the word in the Arabic language sometimes carries more than one meaning, so it sheds light on the difference between the media language and the classical Arabic language, and their relationship to each other, in order to overcome the mistakes that the journalist may make while doing his work. And his communication with the public.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Media language – Editing – language levels.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n
  4. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n
  5. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      – \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

      – \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629).<\/p>\n

      – \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n

      – \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u061f<\/li>\n
      2. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n
      3. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n
      4. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u0651\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629: 2022 \u0645<\/p>\n

        \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

        \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

        1- \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n

        2- \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n

        3- \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0645 .<\/p>\n

        4- \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0645.<\/p>\n

        5- \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 – \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d” \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0645.<\/p>\n

        6- \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b” \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0645.<\/p>\n

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        \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u063a\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064d \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0641\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

        \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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        1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062e\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0623\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 – \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 – \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

        2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

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        3- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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        4- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d\u0651\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: “\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644: “\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

        5- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u064e \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

        6- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064e \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u060c.. \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n

        7- \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064d\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623: “\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636” \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636”. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

        8- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u064e \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d\u064e \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064f \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

        9- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u064f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u064c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n

        10- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645: (\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u064c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634) \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644) \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

        11- \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0646\u064a\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629\u064c \u062c\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n

        \u062a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

        12- \u0647\u0645\u0632\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064e \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

        13- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c[14]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0647\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0642\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0642\u064d \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

        1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

        2- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

        3- \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n

        4- \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647.<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u063523.<\/li>\n
        2. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0640 1\u060c \u063516.<\/li>\n
        3. \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0635 16.<\/li>\n
        4. \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062f.\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u0637\u0640 2\u060c \u063513.<\/li>\n
        5. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n
        6. \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u063512.<\/li>\n
        7. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c 2009 \u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          https:\/\/pulpit.alwatanvoice.com\/articles\/2009\/12\/10\/182243.html<\/a><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            https:\/\/learning.aljazeera.net\/ar\/node\/1028<\/a><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0637\u06401\u060c 1999 \u0645.<\/li>\n
            2. \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2000 \u0645.<\/li>\n
            3. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2001\u0645.<\/li>\n
            4. \u0639\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              https:\/\/institute.aljazeera.net\/ar\/ajr\/article\/579<\/a><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u06371\u060c 2009\u0645<\/li>\n
              2. \u0633\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2014 \u0645.<\/li>\n
              3. \u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1992 \u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u063523. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                2. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0640 1\u060c \u063516. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                3. \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0635 16. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                4. \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062f.\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u0637\u0640 2\u060c \u063513. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                5. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                6. \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u063512. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                7. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c 2009 \u0645.\n

                  https:\/\/pulpit.alwatanvoice.com\/articles\/2009\/12\/10\/182243.html<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                8. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\n

                  https:\/\/learning.aljazeera.net\/ar\/node\/1028<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                9. \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0637\u06401\u060c 1999 \u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                10. \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2000 \u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                11. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2001 \u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                12. \u0639\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\n

                  https:\/\/institute.aljazeera.net\/ar\/ajr\/article\/579<\/a> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                13. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u06371\u060c 2009\u0645 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                14. \u0633\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2014 \u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                15. \n

                  \u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1992 \u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a1 1 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: maher.ka84@gmail.com \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651: https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1053-5052 HNSJ, 2022, 3(6); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj368 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/06\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 10\/05\/2022\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3764","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3764"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3770,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3764\/revisions\/3770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}