{"id":3675,"date":"2022-05-02T18:11:34","date_gmt":"2022-05-02T18:11:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3675"},"modified":"2022-05-02T18:11:38","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T18:11:38","slug":"3-5-40","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-5-40\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: nwaf43212@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3540<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/05\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 20\/04\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The effectiveness of a proposed training program based on blended learning to develop technological skills for science teachers in primary education and its impact on developing scientific concepts for their students<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Nawaf Nahes Sanhat Al Harbi 1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Department of Curriculum and Instruction, College of Education, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n

Email: nwaf43212@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3540<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/05\/2022 Accepted at 20\/04\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This research aimed to determine the technological training needs of science teachers in primary education. In addition to build a proposed training program based on blended learning to develop the technological skills of science teachers, and to identify the effectiveness of the proposed training program based on blended learning to develop technological skills for science teachers. This research followed the experimental one-group method to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed training program. It was concluded that (40) electronic teaching skills, representing the training needs of science teachers in education, are divided into five axes. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of science teachers (the research sample) in the pre and post application of the technological skills observation card in favor of the post application. Teachers in the pre and post application on each axis of the observation card have a total score in favor of the post application. The study recommended more studies on blended learning and its impact on the development of technological skills among science teachers.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Blended learning, technological skills, scientific concepts.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627 (2013) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f Copriady, J(2018) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (2014) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 ) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u200c- \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u200c-\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u062c\u200c- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Bates & Watson, 2008) \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: Richard (2011)\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :Towner & Munoz (2012) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u062f (2016) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 (2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 (NGSS)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (SEPs) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621 (2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f) \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c <\/strong>\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 <\/strong><\/a>(2021<\/strong>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632” \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c <\/strong>\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/strong><\/a> (2021) <\/strong>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a (2020)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c <\/strong>\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0633 <\/strong><\/a>(2019)<\/strong> \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649<\/strong> (2001\u060c 319) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u061f<\/li>\n
  2. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u061f<\/li>\n
  3. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n
  4. \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u061f<\/li>\n
  5. \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b :<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 :<\/p>\n