{"id":3624,"date":"2022-05-01T15:33:30","date_gmt":"2022-05-01T15:33:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3624"},"modified":"2022-05-01T15:33:32","modified_gmt":"2022-05-01T15:33:32","slug":"3-5-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-5-28\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ghadaalbiayda@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3528<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The impact of Cooperative learning in Developing Ceative Thinking Skill in Arabic language of Seventh Grade Female Students in Jordan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ghada Hamad Musa Al-Bayada1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Jordanian Ministry of Education<\/p>\n

Email: ghadaalbiayda@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3528<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/05\/2022 Accepted at 20\/04\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aimed to investigation impact of cooperative learning in development creative thinking skill in Arabic language of seventh grade females students. To achieve the purpose of this study, a Pre\/ Post test was used .Validity and reliability of the test were ensured. The sample of the study consisted of (70) students which was divided into two groups; a control, and experimental group. The findings showed that there were statistically significant differences in creative thinking at students in the seventh grade students due to cooperative learning.<\/p>\n

The study recommended a set of recommendations including: urging Arabic language teachers to prepare the activities and functions based on the strategic cooperative learning because of their many advantages that can contribute in developing the creative thinking of students.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Cooperative learning, Creative Thinking, Arabic languages Skill.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Johnson & Johnson, 2002) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649(\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646) (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629: 2)\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c 1991). \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (2000) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647: \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0647 (Cohen, 1994) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0640\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0640\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0640\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0640\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 Cohen \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0640\u064a (1996) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0648: \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u201c\u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645”\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u201c\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u201c(\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c 1991). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 (\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c 1998). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: (\u0643\u0648\u062c\u0643\u060c 1997).<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c 2000):<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n
    2. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n
    4. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n
    5. \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0644\u062e\u0635 (\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c 1998) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

      1 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n

      2 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

      3 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n

      4 \u0640 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

      5 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639: \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

      6 \u0640 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628: \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

      7 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c… \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

      8 \u0640 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

      9 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a (Slavin,1981). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

      \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 “\u062a\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627. (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c1991\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c 1995).<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c 2000).<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 “\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0633”\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a Productive Thinking (\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c 1995).<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628 (Sapp,1991) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 .<\/p>\n

      \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 (1996) \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641).<\/p>\n

      \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 (1998) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n

      \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (2001) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ” \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u062b\u0627 ” \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u062b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2002\/2001\u0645) \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

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      \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a (Gray,2006) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (40) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629.\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a .<\/p>\n

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      \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

      \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Sapp,1991 \u061b \u0634\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c 2001 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c 2001 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u060c 2002 \u061b \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629\u060c 2003\u061b Gray,2006 \u061b \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c 2007). \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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      \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c 2005) \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b- \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064b\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u064b\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n
        2. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
        3. \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n
          2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2016\/2017\u0645<\/li>\n
          3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n
          4. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 : \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 (\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 )\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 4 \u2013 6 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 .<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 .<\/li>\n
            2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: <\/strong>\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n
            3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (1936) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2016\/2017\u0645.<\/p>\n

              \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (70) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u0651 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n

              \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a: <\/strong>\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/li>\n
              2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
              3. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n
              4. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (11) \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

                \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Test Retest) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (15) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 (0.84)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n
                2. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n
                3. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                4. \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 “\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645” \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631(\u062a) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n66.307<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n33.154<\/td>\n1.108<\/td>\n0.336<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/td>\n2005.338<\/td>\n67<\/td>\n29.930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n2071.645<\/td>\n69<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1\u22640.05)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n