{"id":3622,"date":"2022-05-01T15:30:41","date_gmt":"2022-05-01T15:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3622"},"modified":"2022-05-01T15:30:44","modified_gmt":"2022-05-01T15:30:44","slug":"3-5-27","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-5-27\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064a\u0636\u06291<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ghadaalbiayda@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3527<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/05\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 20\/04\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The impact of Conceptual maps in Developing Ceative Thinking Skill in Arabic language of Seventh Grade Female Students<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ghada Hamad Musa Al-Bayayda1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Jordanian Ministry of Education<\/p>\n

Email: ghadaalbiayda@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3527<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/05\/2022 Accepted at 20\/04\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aimed to investigation impact of Concept maps in development creative thinking skill in Arabic language of seventh grade females students. To achieve the purpose of this study, a Pre\/ Post test was used .Validity and reliability of the test were ensured. The sample of the study consisted of (55) students which was divided into two groups; a control, and experimental group. The findings showed that there were statistically significant differences in creative thinking at students in the seventh grade students due to Conceptual maps.<\/p>\n

The study recommended a set of recommendations including: urging Arabic language teachers to prepare the activities and functions based on the strategic maps concept maps because of their many advantages that can contribute in developing the creative thinking of students.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Concept maps ,Creative Thinking, Arabic languages Skill, Arabic languages Skill.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  1. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c 2005). \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0633\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647. \u0632\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n

    \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (2016\/2017)<\/li>\n
    3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n
    4. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n
    5. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 .<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: <\/strong>\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n
      3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629..<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Starr and Krajcik, 1990)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643 (Novak) \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c 2009).<\/p>\n

        \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 Novak and Gowin, 1995)) \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a (Bolt, 1999) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a (\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c 2009). \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 Novak and Gowin, 1984)) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

        1– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a Hierarchical Structure<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n

        2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 Progressive Differentiation<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n

        3- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a Integrative Reconciliation<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n

        \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (V)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2001) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a (\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c2005 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c 2006 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u060c 2006 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a\u064a\u060c 2004) \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n
        2. \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n
        3. \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
        4. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n
        5. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
        6. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n
        7. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/li>\n
        8. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n
        9. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0649(\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c 2005 \u061b \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006) \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/li>\n
          2. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n
          3. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n
          4. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/li>\n
          5. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644.<\/li>\n
          6. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637.<\/li>\n
          7. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n
          8. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n
          9. \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
          10. \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0623\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u060c 2009).<\/p>\n

            \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

            -1 <\/strong>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00a0(<\/strong>Hierarchical Concept Maps): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u060c\u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            2- <\/strong>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 (Cluster Concept Maps): \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

            3- \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 ((Chain Concept Maps: \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

            \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627:\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

            -1 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (Concept only Map) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637.<\/p>\n

            2- \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637:(Link only Map)\u00a0 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

            3- \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629:(Propositional Map)\u00a0 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

            – 4\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629:(Free range Map)\u00a0 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a 2002)) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            1– \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

            \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n

            -2 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

            \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

            3- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

            \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a (Roth& Roychoudhary,1993) \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 V \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a . \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0631(2001) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (128) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (31 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u064834 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629) \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 (30 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u064833 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629) \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f (\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646.\u00a0 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 (Moi& Linen,2007) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (67) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 (Waiming & Shekkam Hector,2008) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (449) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u060c\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n

            \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 (2009) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2009\/2008\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0646\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (253) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 =0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 .<\/p>\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:-<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Roth& Roychoudhary,1993 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c 2001 \u061b Waiming & Shekkam & Hector, 2008 \u061b \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c 2009 \u061b Moi & Line, 2007).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (1936) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2016\/2017\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n

              \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (55) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (26) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (29) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n

              \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a: <\/strong>\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

              \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/li>\n
              2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n
              3. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n
              4. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (11) \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

                \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Test Retest) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (15) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f (15) \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 (0.84) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

                \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n
                2. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n
                3. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629).<\/li>\n
                4. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                5. \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 “\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645” \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n49.66<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n24.83<\/td>\n1.34<\/td>\n0.272<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  <\/td>\n\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n985.89<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n18.60<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  <\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n3102.99<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1\u22640.05)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n
                      \n
                    1. \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (\u0634\u0647\u0631) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (15) \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                    2. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/li>\n
                    3. \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a) \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627:\n
                          \n
                        1. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                        2. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
                        3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
                          2. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/li>\n
                          3. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 Eta squared<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0647” \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

                            \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3)<\/p>\n

                            \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a
                            \n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n36.93<\/td>\n39.04<\/td>\n36.38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n11.05<\/td>\n13.22<\/td>\n7.88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n57.94<\/td>\n58.23<\/td>\n62.97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n8.73<\/td>\n7.93<\/td>\n7.02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                            \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645) \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

                            \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4)<\/p>\n

                            \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627<\/td>\n\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641<\/td>\n\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n303.45<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n152.23<\/td>\n0.61<\/td>\n9.57<\/td>\n0.000*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n842.98<\/td>\n53<\/td>\n15.91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n1147.43<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n

                            \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628, \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c 2009 \u061b Moi & Line, 2007\u061b Roth & Roychoudhary, 1993 \u061b Waiming & Shekkam & Hector,2008 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c 2001).<\/p>\n

                            \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. \u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
                            2. \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0640\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0640\u0629 \u0641\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0640\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0640\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0640\u0629 \u0645\u0640\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0640\u0640\u062a \u0647\u0640\u0640\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0640\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0640\u0640\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0640\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n
                            3. \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n
                            4. \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

                              \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a\u060c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d (1997). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n

                              \u0623\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2009). \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a)<\/strong>. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a. ( 2006). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f 2(18):611-612.<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2001). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/p>\n

                              \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2006). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0629. (2009). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/strong>\u060c 1(1):11-160.<\/p>\n

                              \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1990). \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643<\/strong>.12-8 ,30 .<\/p>\n

                              \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. (2009). \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 : \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 : \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 .<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. (2004). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 .<\/p>\n

                              \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 .(2001). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

                              \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 (2005) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639<\/strong>\u060c\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2000) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 “\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629”\u060c<\/strong> \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. (2005). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0647\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644. (1992). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f(2000) \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

                              \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2005). \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c.<\/p>\n

                              \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628.(2009). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

                              \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641. (2006). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/strong>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

                              \u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

                              Bolte .Linda ( 1999): Using concept maps and interpretive essays for assessment in Mathematics. School Science &Mathematics<\/strong>.(99), (1), 19-3.<\/p>\n

                              Moi, W.& Line ,O.(2007). Introducing mind map in comprehension. Educational Research Association ( Singapore). Redesigning Pedagogy International Conferences Culture<\/strong> , Knowledge and Understanding , 28-30 May. Available on: http:\/\/ con ference. Nie. Edu.sg\/2007 \/ paper\/ papers\/LAN469.pdf adresinden 18.1.2016 tarihinde edinilmistir.<\/p>\n

                              Novak, J. and Gowin, D. B. (1995). Learning how to Learn (Arabic)<\/strong>. Riyadh, King Saud University Press.<\/p>\n

                              Novak, T. D and Gowin, D. B (1984) \u201cLearning How to Learn<\/strong>\u201d NewYork, Cambridge, University Press. P p 50 \u2013 73.<\/p>\n

                              Roth, W.M and Roychoudhary, A. ( 1993). Using Vee Concept Maps in Collaborative Seeting. Elementary Education Majors Concept Mapping in Physical Science Courses, School Science and Mathematics<\/strong>. 93(5):237-244.<\/p>\n

                              Starr. M. L and Krajcik, J. S (1990) \u201cConcept Maps as A Heuristic for Science Curriculum Development: Toward Improvement in Process and Product\u201d Journal of Research in Science Teaching<\/strong>, Vol. 27, No. 10, P p 987 \u2013 1000.<\/p>\n

                              \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064a\u0636\u06291 1 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ghadaalbiayda@gmail.com HNSJ, 2022, 3(5); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3527 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 PDF \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/05\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 20\/04\/2022\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":{"telephone":"+249123656807"},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3622","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3622"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3622\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3636,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3622\/revisions\/3636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}