{"id":3445,"date":"2022-04-03T15:22:42","date_gmt":"2022-04-03T15:22:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3445"},"modified":"2022-04-03T15:22:46","modified_gmt":"2022-04-03T15:22:46","slug":"3-4-23","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-4-23\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06441<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ahmedlafram2015@gmail.com<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u062f<\/strong> 0000-0002-7948-2887<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3423<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/04\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 22\/03\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The jurisprudence of Al-Shanaqteh between acceptance and rejection<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Ahmed Lafram, Sidi Aal1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Doctor and researcher in jurisprudence and the principles of Sharia, Mauritania.<\/p>\n

Email: ahmedlavram2015@gmail.com<\/p>\n

Orchid ID 0000-0002-7948-2887<\/strong><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3423<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/04\/2022 Accepted at 22\/03\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The one who look in depth to the Chinguiti Fiqh heritage finds that most of its famous scholars have reached the level of \u201cIjtihad\u201d in their respective school (Maliki School); they have discussed, argued, and dent with the new matters in their lives using the rules of their own Madhhab (school) while benefiting from the vastness of proofs available in their school & figuring out how to extract rules from limited texts to new matters by contrasting the new matters to the old ones and texts by finding common denominators. This can be found through their judgments and extractions of rulings by choosing some view over others and even by going against what is \u201cMesh\u2019hour\u201d (well known and said by the majority) in their own Maliki School justifying that for being a common benefit for the most of people )… or warding off a harm. However, and in many cases, they will stick with their own Madh\u2019hab (school) following its way of using proofs and arguments and not to go away of that except in few cases while criticising the one who wants to go out of this way in the most harsh way.<\/p>\n

This poetry \/ book is classified among the books that defend the Malik School & its Founder ( Imam Malik) and it may be among the few Chinguiti books that deal with (High disagreement) in order to give glimpse about the Fiqh disagreement in the Chinguiti territory in that historical period; which was full of knowledge & scholars.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Maliki method Chinguitis El Bechir<\/p>\n

\n

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\n

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\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a[15]<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627” \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644” \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

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2) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n

3) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0637.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0640\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0640\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0632 \u0644\u0627[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062f\u063a\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0637\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646\u0627<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062c \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0640\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0640\u0639\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062c<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0640\u0640\u0635 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0636\u0640\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0635<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0640\u0642\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0643\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0640\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0640\u0640\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0643\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

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  9. \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 (\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0644\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629):\n

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    \u0628\u0648\u0637\u0644\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0635 (137) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645( 233) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

  10. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 153 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 (103) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629:(105) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629: (43) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  14. \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629:\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 89\\1990\u0645 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
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  16. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062c1\\\u0635 409 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  17. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  18. \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0637\u0644\u064a\u062d\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631: \u064a\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0635 (137) \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a( 233\\234) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  19. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  20. \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 (65) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  21. \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062c2\\\u0635 (265) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  22. \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 (69) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  23. \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635(48) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  24. \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0645 “\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f” \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  25. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a “\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 838 \\ \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631 \\\u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (\u062c4\\\u0635 956) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  26. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 (84) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  27. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 (\u062c1\\\u0635415) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  28. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1986\u0645) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  29. \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0637) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628”\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0637” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 (\u0648\u0644\u062f 8\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1028\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f 14 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1107\u0647\u0640) \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647: \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649(1402\u0647\u06401981\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1428\u0647\u06402007\u0645) \u0635 (181\\182) \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u062c 2 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635: 216) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627: \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a(521) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  30. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u062a1293\u0647\u0640 1876\u0645) \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627” \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646” \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648” \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627” \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647” \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f” \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631” \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629” \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631” \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0635 (234) \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0635(526) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062c2\\\u0635(239) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  31. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c (\u062c 2) \u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u060c\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a1277\u0647\u0640) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 “\u0628\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645” \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628”\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644” \u0635( 47) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  32. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u062956 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  33. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0640\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1419\u0647\u06401998\u0645) \u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 (\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f) \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0635(556) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  34. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062c1\\\u0635418 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
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  36. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635 (93\\94\\95) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  37. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0634\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 :\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1431\u0647\u06402010\u0645 \u062c1 \u0635 (362\\363\\364) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  38. \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647: \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1985\u0645 \u0635 14 ) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  39. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635 13 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  40. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1417\u0647\u0640 \u062c1 \u0635(100\\101) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1401\u0647\u06401981 \u062c 6 \u0635 327) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  41. \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a) \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0635 155) \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  42. \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0634 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  43. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: 167. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  44. \u0645. \u0646: 245. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  45. – \u0645. \u0646: 168. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  46. – \u0645. \u0646: 168. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  47. \n

    \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635 378 \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06441 1 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ahmedlafram2015@gmail.com \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u062f 0000-0002-7948-2887 HNSJ, 2022, 3(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3423 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/04\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":{"telephone":"+249123656807"},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3445","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3445"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3474,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3445\/revisions\/3474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}