{"id":3414,"date":"2022-04-03T15:09:28","date_gmt":"2022-04-03T15:09:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3414"},"modified":"2022-04-03T15:09:34","modified_gmt":"2022-04-03T15:09:34","slug":"3-4-19","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-4-19\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3419<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/04\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 15\/03\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 – \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629- \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The duality of transmission and reason in Islamic thinking<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elmoctar\/Ahmed Elemin<\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Professor of Creed, Thought, and Islamic Sects, Professor at the Higher Institute of Islamic Studies and Research in Nouakchott, Mauritania.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(4); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3419<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/04\/2022 Accepted at 15\/03\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This research aims to trace the emergence of the duality of transmission and the mind, with its multiple terms such as: Sharia and truth, text and opinion, its ramifications within the space of Islamic thought, and the manifestations of its various debates, and the most important jurisprudential, fundamentalist and logical currents debated within this dualism.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>belief – transmission – reason – Sharia and truth – text and opinion<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

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\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0641\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u062a\u064e\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0638\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0644\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0632\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0634\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 “\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644: ” .. \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652\u060c \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0641\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062f\u064e \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062f\u064e \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0647\u064f”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 55.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u063a\u0629 : \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0642\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0644\u064f: \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062d\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u0651\u0647\u0649 \u0636\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062d\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064f\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064c.\u0648\u0639\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0644\u064c \u0648 \u0639\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0644\u064c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u064e\u0623\u0652\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0623\u0652\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647\u060c” \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631: (630 \u0640 711 \u0647\u0640 \u0640 1232 \u0640 1311 \u0645)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 ” \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627. .
\n\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627: \u0639\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0642\u0644\u064f \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0626\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u0642\u064f\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0641\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u060c\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635 (596 ) \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 (\u0635 432) \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a: ” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “[1]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a ” \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f ” \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\/ Raison \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (Rat) \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638 (art) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 ars \u0623\u0648 Artus \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 Ratio \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644. [2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 :<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0644\u063a\u0629 : \u0646\u0642\u0644 : \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0652\u0644\u064f: \u062a\u0640\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0646\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0644. \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0651\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0640\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631: (630 \u0640 711 \u0647\u0640 \u0640 1232 \u0640 1311 \u0645.<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623 \u2013 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621<\/strong> :<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/p>\n

– \u0641\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644”..<\/p>\n

– \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0623\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0640” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 “[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c<\/p>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/strong> : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

–\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629<\/strong> : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a: ” \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646[4]<\/a><\/sup>“.<\/p>\n

\u062c \u2013 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 : \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n

– \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f : \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

– 1\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645 . (\u2026) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u061b<\/p>\n

2- \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633<\/strong>\u061b<\/p>\n

-3\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0641 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647” \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635”[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u061b<\/p>\n

4- \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644.[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

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  1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n