{"id":3001,"date":"2022-02-02T18:52:31","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T18:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=3001"},"modified":"2022-02-02T18:52:36","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T18:52:36","slug":"3-2-30","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-2-30\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u064a<sup>1<\/sup> \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0632\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 00962796337996\u061b \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644: albanawialaa@gmail.com\u200f.<\/p>\n<p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 00962788124449\u061b \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644: <a href=\"mailto:haiytham.zreqat@gmail.com\">haiytham.zreqat@gmail.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>HNSJ, 2022, 3(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3230<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/30\u0623\u062b\u0631-\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0649-\u062f\u0642\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0648\u0641\u0642-\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c-\u0631\u0627\u0634-\u0641\u064a-\u0636\u0648\u0621-\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649.pdf\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 25\/01\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (10%\u060c 20%) \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (1000) \u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (50) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (wingen)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 (10%) \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 (20%) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f (20%)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a id=\"post-3001-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a><strong>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>The Impact of Missing Data Proportion on the accuracy of the estimate according to the Rasch model in light of the two methods of Bayesian estimation and the maximum likelihood<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Dr. Alaa Muhammad Ali Al Banawi<sup> 1<\/sup> Haitham Muhammad Ali Naji Zureikat<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>1<\/sup> Researcher in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Jordanian Ministry of Education, Tel: 00962796337996; Email: albanawialaa@gmail.com.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>2 <\/sup>Researcher in Educational Measurement and Evaluation, Jordanian Ministry of Education, Tel: 00962788124449; Email: haiytham.zreqat@gmail.com.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">HNSJ, 2022, 3(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3230<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Published at 01\/02\/2022 Accepted at 25\/01\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The current study aimed to identify The Impact of Missing Data Proportion on the accuracy of the estimate according to the Rasch model in light of the two methods of Bayesian estimation and the maximum likelihood. To achieve this, the researchers followed the experimental approach. Where hypothetical data were used that simulate the experimental conditions represented in the Proportion of missing values \u200b\u200band it has two levels (10%, 20%). and the method of estimation and has two levels (Bayesian, maximum likelihood). on a sample of (1000) hypothetical examinees. and component test Of (50) items generated through the (WinGen) program. the study concluded that the differences in the accuracy of the estimation are due to of Missing Data Proportion \u200b\u200band not to the method of estimation. It turns out that the accuracy of estimating the difficulty is higher when the percentage of missing values \u200b\u200bis (10%) than when the percentage of missing values \u200b\u200bis (20%), as the estimation error is higher when the percentage of missing data is higher. In addition, the differences in the accuracy of estimating the ability of individuals are due to the Bayesian method and to each of the two ratios, as the error of estimate when using the odds method was always higher. Note that the differences between the two methods were higher at the percentage of loss (20%), and the study recommended relying on the Bayesian method in estimating the ability of individuals when there are missing values.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>missing values, estimation accuracy, Bayesian, maximum likelihood, ability, difficulty<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (item response theory)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0632 (Yates) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062a (Bartleet) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1939) (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Little &amp; Rubin, 1987).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 <\/strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (item response theory)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Classical Test Theory)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a (Item bias) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Equating Test Scores) \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 (Embretson, &amp; Reise, 2000).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (IRT) \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f (Unidimesionality)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a (Local Independence)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (Item Characteristic Curve) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0647 (Monotanicity) \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629) (speededness) (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 (Hambleton &amp; Swaminatham, 1985) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a (Item-free).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (Person-free).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0632 (Hambelton, Swaminathan &amp; Rogers, 1991) (Embretson &amp; Reise, 2000) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629: \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 (<em>bi<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 (a<em><sub>i<\/sub><\/em>) \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 (c<em><sub>i<\/sub><\/em>) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"590\" height=\"109\" class=\"wp-image-3002\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-59.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-59.png 590w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-59-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-59-18x3.png 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-59-585x109.png 585w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629: \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"88\" class=\"wp-image-3003\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-60.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-60.png 585w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-60-300x45.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-60-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"651\" height=\"84\" class=\"wp-image-3004\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-61.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-61.png 651w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-61-300x39.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-61-18x2.png 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-61-600x77.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Hambelton &amp; Cook, 1977)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..(4)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 () \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 () \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 (\u221e\u060c -\u221e)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d (Feriedrich, 2004).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 (Hambelton, 1989) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"331\" height=\"82\" class=\"wp-image-3005\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-62.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-62.png 331w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-62-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-62-18x4.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (5) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"342\" height=\"38\" class=\"wp-image-3006\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-63.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-63.png 342w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-63-300x33.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-63-18x2.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 (Maximum Likelihood Estimation Methods):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 (1\u060c 0)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627 (-\u221e, \u221e)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632&#8221; \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a (Teresi, 2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 (Bayesian Estimation Method):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646 (Garre &amp; Vermunt, 2006).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H<sub>0<\/sub>1: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1\u22640.05) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H<sub>0<\/sub>2: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1\u22640.05) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 (\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f (10%\u060c 20%).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f (10%\u060c 20%)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 (10%\u060c 20%) \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 (\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 (10%\u060c 20%) \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 (\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (10%\u060c 20%).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (wingen) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (50) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648(1000) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (10%\u060c 20%) \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 (1000) \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a (0) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (1)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (WinGen).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a (0) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (1)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (WinGen).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 (1) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 (2) \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (WinGen).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (10%\u060c 20%) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (mean) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (SPSS).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 (10% \u064820%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">10%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>7.571<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<td>6.079<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1.245<\/td>\n<td>2%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">20%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>7.053<\/td>\n<td>14%<\/td>\n<td>5.477<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1.288<\/td>\n<td>3%<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (LDID) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Bilog-MG3) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20%<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Bilog-MG3) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a(SE).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: &#8220;\u0644\u0627 <\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<strong> \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 <\/strong>(\u03b1\u22640.05)<strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>10%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.08938<\/td>\n<td>.008720<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>.08966<\/td>\n<td>.008831<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>20%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.10108<\/td>\n<td>.011246<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>.10128<\/td>\n<td>.011404<\/td>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.007<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>.007<\/td>\n<td>66.232<\/td>\n<td>0.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2.880E-6<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2.880E-6<\/td>\n<td>.028<\/td>\n<td>.867<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>8.000E-8<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>8.000E-8<\/td>\n<td>.001<\/td>\n<td>.978<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.020<\/td>\n<td>196<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.027<\/td>\n<td>199<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.007<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>.007<\/td>\n<td>66.898<\/td>\n<td>0.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.020<\/td>\n<td>198<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.027<\/td>\n<td>199<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<td>.021<\/td>\n<td>.884<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.027<\/td>\n<td>198<\/td>\n<td>.000<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.027<\/td>\n<td>199<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 (10%) \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 (20%) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 (2011) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631 (2020) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645 (Kim, 2007) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 <\/strong>(\u03b1\u22640.05)<strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>10%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.36366<\/td>\n<td>.068976<\/td>\n<td>1000<\/td>\n<td>.40370<\/td>\n<td>.055875<\/td>\n<td>1000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>20%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.40484<\/td>\n<td>.051585<\/td>\n<td>1000<\/td>\n<td>.45678<\/td>\n<td>.062296<\/td>\n<td>1000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2.222<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2.222<\/td>\n<td>616.168<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>2.115<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2.115<\/td>\n<td>586.595<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.035<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>.035<\/td>\n<td>9.813<\/td>\n<td>.002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>14.407<\/td>\n<td>3996<\/td>\n<td>.004<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>18.779<\/td>\n<td>3999<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"500\" class=\"wp-image-3007\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-64.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-64.png 850w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-64-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-64-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-64-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/word-image-64-600x353.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"7\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>10%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>.802<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>.802<\/td>\n<td>203.461<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>7.872<\/td>\n<td>1998<\/td>\n<td>.004<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>8.673<\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>20%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1.349<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1.349<\/td>\n<td>412.322<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>6.535<\/td>\n<td>1998<\/td>\n<td>.003<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>7.884<\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f (20%). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631 (2020) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 (2014) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 (2011) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2003). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)<\/em>. \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631. (2013). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 44(4)\u060c 509-517.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2014). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/em>\u060c 3(6)\u060c 23-47.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0636\u0639\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (2020). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0634. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634<\/em>\u060c 21(1)\u060c 131-170.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641. (2011). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/em>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Embretson, S.E., &amp; Reise, S. P. (2000). <em>Item Response Theory for Psychologists.<\/em> New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Embretson, S.E., and Reise, S. P. (2000). <em>Item Response Theory for Psychologists. <\/em>New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Freidrich, S. (2004). <em>A visual guide to item response theory<\/em>. Ivailo Partchev<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Garre, F. &amp; Vermunt, J. (2006). Avoiding boundary estimates in latent class analysis by Bayesian posterior mode estimation. <em>Behaviormetrika, <\/em>33(1), 43-59.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hambleton, R. &amp; Swaminatham, H. (1985). <em>Item Response theory: principles and application<\/em>. Boston, MA: Kluwek NIJ puplishing.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hambleton, R. K., Swaminathan, H., and Rogers, H. J. (1991). Fundamentals of Item Response Theory. London: Sage Publications, Inc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hambleton, R., and Swaminathan, H. (1985). <em>Item Response Theory Principles and Applications.<\/em> Boston Kluwer \u2013 Nijhoff Publishing.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hambleton, R.K. (1989). Principles and Selected applications of Item Response Theory. InR. Linn (ed), <em>Educational Measurement (3rd end)<\/em>. New York: Memillan. P: 147-200.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hambleton, R.K., and Cook, L.L. (1977). Latent trait models and their use in the analysis of educational test data. <em>Journal of Educational Measurement<\/em>. 14(2). P: 75-94.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kim, I. (2007). <em>A Comparison of a Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood Algorithms for Estimation of a Multilevel IRT Model<\/em>. PhD thesis, Athens, Georgia<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Little, R., and Rubin, D. (1987). Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. New York. Wiely.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Teresi, A. (2001). Statistical Methods for Examination of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) with Applications to Cross-Cultural Measurement of Functional, Physical and Mental Health. <em>Journal of Mental Health and Aging<\/em><strong><em>,<\/em><\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>7(1):31-40.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u064a1 \u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0632\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a2 1 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645: 00962796337996\u061b \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644: albanawialaa@gmail.com\u200f. 2 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3001","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3001","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3001"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3001\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3008,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3001\/revisions\/3008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}