{"id":2879,"date":"2022-02-02T12:11:02","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T12:11:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2879"},"modified":"2022-02-02T12:11:09","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T12:11:09","slug":"3-2-7","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-2-7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a” – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: amanyabdelglel@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj327<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 12\/01\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The relationship between servant leadership and Job performance of employees: an empirical study<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amany Musa Abdel Jalil 1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD in Business Administration “Management and Organizational Behavior” – Assiut University, Egypt.<\/p>\n

Email: amanyabdellgl@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj327<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/02\/2022 Accepted at 12\/01\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between servant leadership(SL) and job performance of employees (J P E). The study was conducted on a random stratified sample consisting of (196) single workers in the Directorate of Agriculture in Assiut in the Arab Republic Egypt. The hypotheses were tested using simple and multiple regression analysis using the statistical program SPSS\/PC(22).<\/p>\n

The study reached many results, the most important of which are: the existence of a significant positive relationship between the servant leadership and the job performance of employees. as well as the existence of a significant positive between some dimensions of servant leadership and the job performance of workers and its dimensions. These results were discussed, interpreted and linked to the efforts of previous researchers who dealt with the subject of the research, and their implications were extracted at the theoretical and applied levels, as well as recommendations for the study and future research prospects.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Servant leadership (SL), job performance of employees (JPE)<\/p>\n

\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c2015\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0628\u060c2017) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u060c2019).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644(e.g.,Kumar,2013, \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c2018\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c 2020). \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Melchar,2010, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629(e.g., Liden et al.,2008; Hussain,2012;Newman et al.,2017; Alafeshat,2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c 2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c2020).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c 2018: 236).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c 2015).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c2014\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c2020\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c2020\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c2020\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c2020).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0662\u0660\u0663\u0660 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636: \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u00a0\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019 www.presidency.eg\/ar,)<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u060c2019\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c2020).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (e.g., Bakker,2010; Sadia,2011; Saha,2012) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019: 49)<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019: 4).<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0628\u060c2017 (e.g.,Auxier,2013, \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (e.g., Mu-htasom et al.,2017; Wang et al.,2017)\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a (e.g., Schwarz et al., 2016) \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649(e.g. Zehir et al.,2013) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631:2019: 51) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: “\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061f”.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a (\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

4- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f) \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

5- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u0640\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 -\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b- \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c2018\u061b \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c2020\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c2020). \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f(e.g., Kumar,2013; Schwarz et al.,2016) .<\/li>\n
  2. \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (e.g.,Wang et al.,2017, Muhtasom et al.,2017; Alafeshat,2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 (e.g., Hussain, 2012; Auxier,2013; Muhtasom et al.,2017; Schwarz et al.,2016; Stollberger et al.,2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019).<\/li>\n
  3. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (e.g.,Spears,2010; de Waal,2012; Thevanes & Mangaleswaran,2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c2018) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a(\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c2015(e.g.,Liden et al.,2014,.<\/li>\n
  4. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c2015\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (e.g., Muhtasom et al., 2017, \u060c2017\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c2018\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c2018) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c2016\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c2020\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c2020). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 (e.g.,Melchar,2010; de Waal, 2012; Alafeshat,2019\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0628\u060c2017) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n
  5. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c2016\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c2020\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c2020\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c2021) \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a(e.g., Hussain,2012; Schwarz et al.,2016) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  6. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (e.g., Thevanes & Mangaleswaran,2018:11)\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c2007: 237).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u0640\u064a:<\/p>\n

    1- \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a(Hussain,2012; Schwarz et al.,2016) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064c\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062c\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (Melchar, 2010:76).<\/p>\n

    2- \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c2020: 86).<\/p>\n

    3- \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 2030\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 (e.g., https\/\/ ahram. org.eg; www:almasryalyoum.com \u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c2019).<\/p>\n

    4- \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a- \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629- \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 Servant Leadership (S L).<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627”\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c2015: 12). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631Greenleaf \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970 (Muhtasom et al.,2017:73). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631(Page & Wong(2010:1 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (e.g., Alafeshat,2019 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c2020\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c2020) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 Spears (1996) \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 Hunter(2004) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 van Diere-ndonck(2011:1228) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 Northouse(2019:227) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 (2020: 79) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644(e.g., Laub,1999; Liden et al., 2008,2014;Melchar,2010;Spears,2010;Auxier,2013;Kumar,2013; Schwarz et al.,2016;Newman et al.,2017;Alafeshat,2019;Kadarusman,2021\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c 2013\u060c \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c2014\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c2015\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c2018\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c 2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u060c2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c2020\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c2020\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c2020). \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 (e.g.,Liden et al.,2008,2014; Van Dierendonck, 2011 \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c2015\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u060c2019) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (e.g., Spears,1996; Laub,1999; <\/strong>Liden et al.,2008,2014; Auxier,2013; de Waal,2012; Zehir et al.,2013; Schwarz et al.,2016; Mu-htasom et al.,2017;Newman et al.,2017;Thevanes&Mangaleswaran,2018, Alafeshat,2019;Kadarusman&Bunyamin,2021\u060c \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c2014\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c 2015\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c2015\u060c 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    \u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 (e.g.,Hunter,2004;Auxier,2013) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0633 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (e.g., Liden et al., 2014; Schwarz et al.,2016\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c2013\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (e.g., Liden et al.,2008,2014; Northouse,2019) \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062e\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d Helping subordinates grow& succeed \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 Empowering\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645.<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631)Putting subordinates first \u060c<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642Behaving ethically \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

    –<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631)Conceptual skills \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 Emotional healing\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 Creating value for the community\u060c<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 Job performance of employees (J P E).<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u06cc\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u062d\u06cc\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c2011\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c2016\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0645\u062f\u060c2020\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c2020).<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c2011\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0645\u062f\u060c2020\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c2020) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

    \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 Mulki et al.,(2015:3) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 Cascio (2016) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 (2020: 271) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629”.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (e,g., Thevanes& Mangaleswaran, 2018\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c2007\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c2016\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0645\u062f\u060c2020\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2020). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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    \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c2020: 47).<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 (2020: 271) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (e.g., Werner,2000; Rotundo,2002; Schmitt et al.,2003, Sonnentag et al.,2008; Catalsakal,2016; Pradhan,2017; Cetinkaya,2018; Yousefi,2019; Wu et al.,2019;\u060c \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c2018\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0629\u060c2019) \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n

    – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629Task Performance \u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u06cc\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

    – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0642\u064a Contextual Performance\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u06cc\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u064a (Extra-role performance)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

    – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a Adaptive Performance\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u06cc\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u06cc\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 (e.g., Kumar,2013; Ta\u015fliyan et al.,2016; Alafeshat & Tanova,2019; Kadarusman & Bunyamin, 2021; Sarwar et al.,2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0649\u060c2021).<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 H1:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0639)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

    “\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a)”.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a H2<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0639)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

    “<\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 “.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b H3<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0639)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

    “<\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a)”.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (H31<\/sub>,H32<\/sub>,H33<\/sub>) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:-<\/p>\n

    H31<\/sub>: “<\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629”.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    H32<\/sub>: “<\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a”.<\/p>\n

    H33<\/sub>: “<\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a”.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644: <\/strong>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Northouse (2019) “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627”\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Liden et al.,(2008) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2013)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (e.g., Stollberger et al.,2019; \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c2015\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019) \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 (28) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: <\/strong>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 (2020) “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064aVan(2000) and Voirin & Patrice(2012) \u060c \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 (30) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/td>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n28<\/td>\n0,94<\/td>\n0,96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n0,84<\/td>\n0,91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n0,75<\/td>\n0,86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n0,78<\/td>\n0,88<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n0,86<\/td>\n0,92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n0,81<\/td>\n0,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    6- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n0,76<\/td>\n0,87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    7- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n0,90<\/td>\n0,94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n0,96<\/td>\n0,97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n0,90<\/td>\n0,94<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n0,92<\/td>\n0,95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3- \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n0,91<\/td>\n0,95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0646=60 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642= \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \ufee0 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 ()<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 (60 %) (Sekaran & Bougie,2013:324) . \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064aInternal Consistency \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 (11) \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 (216) \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (2942) \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629) \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (390) \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a (196) \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 (95%) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 (5%)(\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c2013)\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (189) \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (96%) \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2)<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1<\/td>\n\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n204<\/td>\n103<\/td>\n52 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2<\/td>\n\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n21 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3<\/td>\n\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n72<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n18 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4<\/td>\n\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n8 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5<\/td>\n\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n1 %<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n390<\/strong><\/td>\n196<\/strong><\/td>\n100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a 30\/6\/2021 \u0645.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a spss\/pc(22)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062eAnalysis Alpha Scale \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

    – \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 Descriptive Statistical Measures \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 Simple Regression\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 )\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644(.<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0649 Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b )\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a). \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 )\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b).<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n

    		\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n2<\/strong><\/td>\n3<\/strong><\/td>\n4<\/strong><\/td>\n5<\/strong><\/td>\n6<\/strong><\/td>\n7<\/strong><\/td>\n8<\/strong><\/td>\n9<\/strong><\/td>\n10<\/strong><\/td>\n11<\/strong><\/td>\n12<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1<\/strong><\/td>\n4,0452<\/strong><\/td>\n0,63575<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2<\/strong><\/td>\n3,8645<\/strong><\/td>\n0,69218<\/strong><\/td>\n0,613**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3<\/strong><\/td>\n3,7831<\/strong><\/td>\n0,69709<\/strong><\/td>\n0,535**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,581**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4<\/strong><\/td>\n3,9488<\/strong><\/td>\n0,68938<\/strong><\/td>\n0,673**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,610**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,590**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5<\/strong><\/td>\n3,8705<\/strong><\/td>\n0,71925<\/strong><\/td>\n0,598**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,552**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,586**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,641**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    6<\/strong><\/td>\n3,6717<\/strong><\/td>\n0,71026<\/strong><\/td>\n0,128<\/strong><\/td>\n0,369**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,419**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,230*<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,595**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    7<\/strong><\/td>\n3,9247<\/strong><\/td>\n0,81780<\/strong><\/td>\n0,552**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,497**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,609**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,554**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,790**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,542**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    8<\/strong><\/td>\n3,8726<\/strong><\/td>\n0,55166<\/strong><\/td>\n0,743**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,770**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,793**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,784**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,881**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,613**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,848**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    9<\/strong><\/td>\n3,9076<\/strong><\/td>\n0,64224<\/strong><\/td>\n0,598**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,420**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,366**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,515**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,619**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,240*<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,603**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,619**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    10<\/strong><\/td>\n3,8628<\/strong><\/td>\n0,61186<\/strong><\/td>\n0,655**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,575**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,420**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,560**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,605**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,301**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,587**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,679**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,728**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    11<\/strong><\/td>\n3,8133<\/strong><\/td>\n0,63928<\/strong><\/td>\n0,659**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,550**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,539**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,653**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,554**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,211<\/strong><\/td>\n0,556**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,681**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,717**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,827**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    12<\/strong><\/td>\n3,8631<\/strong><\/td>\n0,57683<\/strong><\/td>\n0,695**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,567**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,475**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,622**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,649**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,281*<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,636**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,720**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,881**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,947**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n0,915**<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0646=196)<\/td>\n*P value < 0.05<\/td>\n**<\/sup>P value < 0.01<\/td>\n*** <\/sup>P value < 0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 (1 \u060c2\u060c 3\u060c 4\u060c 5\u060c6\u060c 7) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 (9\u060c 10\u060c 11) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (12) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (00,<\/strong>01)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (00,<\/strong>01) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a (00,<\/strong>05)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a).<\/p>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a). \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 Simple Regression Analysis\u060c \u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4)<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646=196<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\nB<\/td>\nBeta<\/td>\nR<\/td>\nR2<\/sup><\/td>\nAdj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\n\u0394Adj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\nF.value<\/td>\nSig.F<\/td>\nT.value<\/td>\nSig.T<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n0,753<\/td>\n0,720<\/td>\n0,720<\/td>\n0,518<\/td>\n0,512<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n87,202<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n9,338<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n0,947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n3,004<\/td>\n0.004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n***<\/sup> P value <0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a (B, Beta) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639).<\/p>\n

    – \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 Adj.R2<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 (51,2%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

    – \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ((Sig. F \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,000).<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a). \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5)<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646=196<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\nB<\/td>\nBeta<\/td>\nR<\/td>\nR2<\/sup><\/td>\nAdj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\n\u0394Adj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\nF.value<\/td>\nSig.F<\/td>\nT.value<\/td>\nSig.T<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n0,449<\/td>\n0,495<\/td>\n0,695<\/td>\n0,483<\/td>\n0,477<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n75,759<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n5,663<\/td>\n0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/td>\n0,255<\/td>\n0,362<\/td>\n0,758<\/td>\n0,575<\/td>\n0,564<\/td>\n0,087<\/td>\n54,009<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n4,142<\/td>\n0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n1,043<\/td>\n<\/td>\n3,743<\/td>\n0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n***<\/sup> P value <0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a (B, Beta) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 Adj.R2<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0633\u0631 47,7% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 8,7%). \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    – \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ((Sig. F \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,000).<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: H31<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639). \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6)<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646=196<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\nB<\/td>\nBeta<\/td>\nR<\/td>\nR2<\/sup><\/td>\nAdj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\n\u0394Adj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\nF.value<\/td>\nSig.F<\/td>\nT.value<\/td>\nSig.T<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n0,364<\/td>\n0,407<\/td>\n0,619<\/td>\n0,383<\/td>\n0,376<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n50,348<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n3,988<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n0,358<\/td>\n0,354<\/td>\n0,681<\/td>\n0,464<\/td>\n0,450<\/td>\n0,074<\/td>\n34,610<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n3,467<\/td>\n0,001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n1,053<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2,973<\/td>\n0.004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n***<\/sup> P value <0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a (B, Beta) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 Adj.R2<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0633\u0631 37,6% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u064a)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d (\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 7,4%). \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    – \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ((Sig. F \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,000).<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: H32<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639). \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7)<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646=196<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\nB<\/td>\nBeta<\/td>\nR<\/td>\nR2<\/sup><\/td>\nAdj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\n\u0394Adj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\nF.value<\/td>\nSig.F<\/td>\nT.value<\/td>\nSig.T<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n0,360<\/td>\n0,374<\/td>\n0,655<\/td>\n0,428<\/td>\n0,421<\/td>\n__<\/td>\n60,729<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n3,561<\/td>\n0,001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/td>\n0,208<\/td>\n0,278<\/td>\n0,709<\/td>\n0,502<\/td>\n0,490<\/td>\n0,069<\/td>\n40,327<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n2,906<\/td>\n0,005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n0,184<\/td>\n0,208<\/td>\n0,726<\/td>\n0,527<\/td>\n0,509<\/td>\n0,019<\/td>\n29,385<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n2,058<\/td>\n0,043<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n0,882<\/td>\n<\/td>\n3,467<\/td>\n0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n***<\/sup> P value <0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a (B, Beta) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 Adj.R2<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0633\u063142,1% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u064a)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 (\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 6,9%\u060c 1,9% \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a). \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    – \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ((Sig. F \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,000).<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: H33<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639). \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8)<\/p>\n

    \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646=196<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\nB<\/td>\nBeta<\/td>\nR<\/td>\nR2<\/sup><\/td>\nAdj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\n\u0394Adj.R2<\/sup><\/td>\nF.value<\/td>\nSig.F<\/td>\nT.value<\/td>\nSig.T<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n0,340<\/td>\n0,338<\/td>\n0,659<\/td>\n0,434<\/td>\n0,427<\/td>\n__<\/td>\n62,060<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n3,125<\/td>\n0,002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n0,295<\/td>\n0,318<\/td>\n0,717<\/td>\n0,514<\/td>\n0,502<\/td>\n0,075<\/td>\n42,273<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n2,936<\/td>\n0,004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/td>\n0,151<\/td>\n0,193<\/td>\n0,733<\/td>\n0,537<\/td>\n0,520<\/td>\n0,018<\/td>\n30,602<\/td>\n0,000<\/td>\n2,011<\/td>\n0,048<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n0,681<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2,047<\/td>\n0.044<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n***<\/sup> P value <0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a (B, Beta) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    – \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 Adj.R2<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0633\u0631 42,7% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u06cc\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 7,5%\u060c 1,8% \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a). \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

    – \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ((Sig. F \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,000).<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (9) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 H1<\/strong><\/td>\n“\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a)”.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 Simple Regression Analysis<\/td>\n\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (51,2%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a H2<\/strong><\/td>\n“\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646”.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis<\/td>\n\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639(47,6\u060c8,7% \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b H3<\/strong><\/td>\n“\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a)”.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:-<\/strong><\/td>\n

    		<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 H31<\/sub><\/strong><\/td>\n“\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629”.<\/td>\n\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d (37,6\u060c 7,4% \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a H32<\/sub><\/strong><\/td>\n“\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a”.<\/td>\n\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 (42,1\u060c 6,9\u060c 1,9%) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b H33<\/sub><\/strong><\/td>\n“\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0640\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a”.<\/td>\n\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (42,7\u060c 7,5\u060c 1,8%) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064f \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062cSPSS\/V 22 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644(e.g., Kumar,2013;Liden et al.,2014;Tomigolung,2015;Harwiki,2016; Muhtasom, 2017;Wang et al.,2017\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Schwarz et al.,(2016) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Stollberger et al., (2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (e.g., Neubert & colleagues, 2008; Schaubroeck & colleagues,2011 in Liden,2014:5) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Kadarusman & Bunyamin (2021) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a (2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0649 (2021) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631(2019) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644(e.g.,Dierendonck et al.,2009) \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Zehir et al.,(2013) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (e.g., Schwarz et al.,2016; Sarwar et al.,2021; \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c2013\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u064a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \ufedf Bandura(1977) \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Hussain & Ali(2012) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a 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\u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631(2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a(2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Sarwar et al.,(2021) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629(Alafeshat & Tanova,2019; Nisar& O\u2019Connor,2020).<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647Greenleaf(1970) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 (e.g., Hussain & Ali,2012; Kumar,2013; Schwarz et al.,2016; Nisar & O\u2019Connor,2020; Kadarusman & Bunyamin,2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019).<\/p>\n

    \u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c2019 (e.g.,Kumar,2013;Schwarz,2016;Sarwar et al.,2021; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c2020( \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0642 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \ufedf Greenleaf (1977) \u0627\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \ufedf Bandura(1986) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631(2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a (2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629Kumar(2013) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631(2019)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629Hussain & Ali(2012) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Sarwar et al.,(2021) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

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    \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n

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    \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Wang et al.,(2017:1) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u061b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Melchar & Bosco,2010: 77,84).<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c2013\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019(e.g., Liden et al.,2014, \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

    \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 (e.g., Melchar & Bosco,2010; Liden et al.,2014; Alafeshat &Tanova,2019; Nisar & O\u2019Connor,2020; Kadarusman&Bunyamin,2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c2019\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c2020) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064f \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 (LMX) \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0646 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    • \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 2030\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628(\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 (e.g., Nisar & O\u2019Connor,2020; Sarwar et al.,2021)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (Hussain & Ali,2012).<\/li>\n
    • \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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      \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n

      – \u0625\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a)\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

      – \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

      – \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u064f\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n

      – \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

      – \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629) \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

      – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 2020\/2021\u0645.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644 (2013): “\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646”. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2017): “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (4)\u060c \u0635 \u0635: 44-73\u060c [Online<\/strong> www.mandumah.com].<\/p>\n

      \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f (2020): “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (AJSP)<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (21)\u060c \u0635 \u0635: 631-654.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f(2011): “\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631”\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.[Online<\/strong>: www. main.eulc.edu.eg]<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2018): “\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f(7)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f(22)\u060c \u0635 \u0635: 147- 159.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f(2020): “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c <\/strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f(4)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1)\u060c \u0635 \u0635 1: 26.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2019): “\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2017).”\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (8)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (4)\u060c \u0635 \u0635:834- 877.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0647\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u0631 (2019): “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 (2004): “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 (2020): “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (30)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f (4)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621(1)\u060c \u0635 \u0635:65- 89.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u064a\u062e (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020): “\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f (1)\u060c \u0635 \u0635:9-38\u060c .[Online<\/strong>: www.mandumah.com]<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 (2019): “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u0629”. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018): ” \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (58)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (2)\u060c \u0635 \u0635:391-452.<\/p>\n

      \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (2021): \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a:\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (22)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (2)\u060c \u0635 \u0635:270- 305.<\/p>\n

      \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646, \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2019): “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631”\u060c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (9)\u060c \u0635 \u0635:1-39.<\/p>\n

      \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u064a (2014): “\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (20)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (76)\u060c 83-109.<\/p>\n

      \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0646 (2016): “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629”. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

      \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f(2013). \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n

      \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631(2020): “\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f (68)\u060c 180-230.<\/p>\n

      \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 (2018): “\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (8)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1)\u060c 227- 278.<\/p>\n

      \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a (2019): “\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 “\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629”. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 <\/strong>\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n

      \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 (2011): “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a”, \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (52) \u060c \u0635 \u0635: 1-50.<\/p>\n

      \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (2020): “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f(11)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f (4)\u060c \u0635 \u0635776-838\u060c<\/p>\n

      \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2015): “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629”\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f (2020): “\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f(21)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f (2)\u060c 1-42.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a(2007): “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641”. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (2)\u060c \u0635 \u0635: 233- 288.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2020): “\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (1)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f(2)\u060c \u0635 \u0635: 263 -314.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2015): “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f (1)\u060c 113-143.<\/p>\n

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      Zehir,C, Akyuz,B, Eren,M. and Turhan,G (2013): “The Indirect Effects of Servant Leadership Behavior on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Performance: Organizational Justice as a Mediator”. International<\/strong> Journal of Research in Business and Social Science<\/strong>, 2 (3) 1:13, [Online: www.ssbfnet.com].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u06441 1 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a” – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: amanyabdelglel@gmail.com HNSJ, 2022, 3(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj327 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2879","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2881,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2879\/revisions\/2881"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}