{"id":2853,"date":"2022-02-02T12:13:13","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T12:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2853"},"modified":"2022-02-02T12:13:19","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T12:13:19","slug":"3-2-8","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-2-8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06421<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: welasheg@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj328<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 17\/01\/2022\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Read about strategic management<\/strong><\/p>\n

Wasila Abdulaziz Elasheg1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Assistant professor Tripoli university petroleum department<\/p>\n

Email: welasheg@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj328<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/02\/2022 Accepted at 17\/01\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The paper focuses on the schools of strategic management and reviews some of these schools, showing how they come together in that they complement each other, so we see how the classical school gathers the basics of strategic management, and how many historical roots it has, and therefore it is the most influential of all. On the other side of the pendulum is the contemporary school and the intellectual school, as these schools support the idea of \u200b\u200bcooperation and perception. The environmental school is concerned with the internal and external environment of the organization and offers all the interactive ways to link the past and the future.<\/p>\n

Finally, among the proposed schools, there is a competitive school and an entrepreneurial school that emphasizes survival in any way possible. It emphasizes that the authority of the organization is in the hands of the CEO, and that growth is the dominant goal.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u062c\u0647 (1997 McKiernan).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 (Strickland and Thompson 2002 ) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0631\u0641De Wit and Meyer) 1998 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0631\u0636 (\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 Chandler Alfred \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a “\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641”.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

Schools of Strategic Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a (Jelenc Lara 2009) \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Classical School of Strategic Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (chandler 1962 \u0648 Ansoff 1965 \u0648 Andrews 1971).<\/p>\n

    \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (business policy<\/em> ) \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a ((Rumelt, 1994.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d”\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n

    Learned et al\u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201cLearned et al.1965) ).<\/p>\n

    \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 .<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 (Barney\u060c 1986).<\/p>\n

    \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 (Andrews\u060c 1981). \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (Steiner\u060c 1969). \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629). \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Whittington\u060c 1993) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Environmental School of Strategic Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 (Contingency theory ) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (it all depends) (Stacey, 1993).<\/p>\n

      \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Organizational theorists) \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Population ecologists)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (Henderson, 1989).<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 (McKiernan, 2017).<\/p>\n

      \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, Lampel, 1998,) \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Micro power)\u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (macro power) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 (Meyer, 1983). \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      Whittington, 1993 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Competitive School of Strategic Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

        \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631 (Porter, 1980) “\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627”. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

        \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Barney\u060c 1991).<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          School of Entrepreneurship for Strategic Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 (Schumpeter 1934) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

          \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 (Kirzner 1973) \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Contemporary School of Strategic Management<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

            \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 (Chaharbaghi\u060c Willis\u060c 1998). \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Knowledge School of Strategic Management <\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 – \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a … \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a – \u0633\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 – )((Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, Lampel\u060c 1998). \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n

              \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n

              \u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n

              \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Andrews, K. (1971). \u201cThe Concept of Corporate Strategy\u201d, Homewood: Dow-Jones-Irwin.<\/li>\n
              2. Ansoff, I. (1987). \u201cThe Emerging Paradigm of Strategic Behaviour\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, 8.<\/li>\n
              3. Arthur A. Thompson, Alonzo J. Strickland, (2002). \u201cStrategic Management: Concepts and Cases\u201d, McGraw-Hill\/Irwin.<\/li>\n
              4. Barney J. Firm. (1991). \u201cResources and Sustained Competitive Advantage\u201d, Journal of Management.<\/li>\n
              5. Chaharbaghi Kazem and Willis Robert. (1998). \u201cStrategy: The missing link between continuous revolution and constant evolution\u201d, International Journal of Operations & Production Management.<\/li>\n
              6. Chandler, A.D. (1962). \u201cStructure and Structure\u201d, Cambridge: The Belknap Press of M.I.T. Press.<\/li>\n
              7. De Witt, B., & Meyer R. (1998). \u201cStrategy, Process, Content, Context, An International Perspective\u201d, (2nd ed.), Thomson Business Press: London.<\/li>\n
              8. Henderson . B. D, (1989), \u201cThe Origin of Strategy: What Business Owes Darwin and Other Reflections on Competitive DyNamics\u201d, Harvard Business Review.<\/li>\n
              9. Henry Mintzberg, Bruce Ahlstrand, Joseph B. Lampel. (1998), \u201cStrategy Safari: The complete guide through the wilds of strategic management), Free Press, New York.<\/li>\n
              10. Jelenc, Lara, (2009), \u201cReview of Theories in Strategic Management field-toward the Creation of Schools of Strategic Management\u201d, The Business Review. 14.<\/li>\n
              11. Kirzner. Israel M. (1973), \u201cCompetition and Entrepreneurship\u201d, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.<\/li>\n
              12. McKiernan, P. (1997).\u201d Strategy past: Strategy futures\u201d. Long Range Planning.<\/li>\n
              13. Meyer, John W. and W. Richard Scott (1983), \u201cOrganizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality\u201d, London: Sage.<\/li>\n
              14. Peter McKiernan. (2017), \u201cHistorical Evolution of Strategic Management\u201d, Volumes I. Routledge, United Kingdom.<\/li>\n
              15. Stacey, R. (1993), \u201cStrategic Thinking and the Management of Change: International Perspectives on Organisational Dynamics\u201d, Kogan Page. Vancouver.<\/li>\n
              16. Thompson, Arthur, Strickland, Alonzo. (2003), \u201cStrategic Management: Concepts and Cases\u201d. McGraw-Hill\/Irwin.<\/li>\n
              17. Rumelt. Richard P. (2012), \u201cGood strategy\/bad strategy: The difference and why it matters\u201d, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.<\/li>\n
              18. Whittington, R. (1993), \u201cWhat Is Strategy and Does It Matter?\u201d, Routledge, London<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                \u062f. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u06421 1 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: welasheg@gmail.com HNSJ, 2022, 3(2); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj328 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/02\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 17\/01\/2022\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2853","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2853"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2882,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2853\/revisions\/2882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}