{"id":2673,"date":"2022-01-03T07:41:02","date_gmt":"2022-01-03T07:41:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2673"},"modified":"2022-01-03T07:41:07","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T07:41:07","slug":"3-1-48","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-1-48\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0651\u0627\u062f1<\/sup> \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0645\u062f2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \/ 00962792273334<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \/ 00962796663101<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3148<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 25\/12\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 (50) \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 (25) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (25) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u03b1= 0.05) \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (5.99) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a (4.53)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The Affect of Applying Digital Stories on Developing Critical Thinking Skills for Sixth Grade Students in Amman<\/strong><\/p>\n

Heba Daoud Hammad 1<\/sup>Diana Nabil Abu Hamad2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Master of Educational Technology \/ 00962792273334<\/p>\n

2<\/sup><\/strong> Master of Educational Technology \/ 00962796663101<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3148<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/01\/2022 Accepted at 25\/12\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

This study aimed to reveal the effect of applying digital stories on developing critical thinking skills for sixth-grade students in the capital, Amman. The two researchers divided the sample into two groups, the control group consisted of (25) students, and the experimental group (25) students, and they built a note card tool to monitor the results, and their validity and reliability were verified. The results concluded that there were statistically significant differences (\u03b1 = 0.05) attributable to the experimental group in developing critical thinking skills among the students. The differences came in favor of the experimental group who used the digital story, with an arithmetic mean of (5.99) compared to an arithmetic mean of the control group that amounted to (4.53). The results also showed that there were differences in favor of the experimental group who used the digital story compared to the traditional group.<\/p>\n

As for the recommendations, the two researchers recommended the necessity of using digital stories in various learning strategies, such as cooperative learning, flipped classrooms, and others, and informing teachers of the results of studies of the use of digital stories in education.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Critical Thinking Skills, Digital Stories.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

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\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u062c\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a (2018) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f (\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 2019).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a (2019) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 (Ozkaya & Coskun, 2019).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062a (Aktas & Yurt, 2017) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. (Seckin, 2020)<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Tanrikulu, 2020)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (Jantakoon, 2019) \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a> \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a (Yigit, 2020) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u062f \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 windows movie maker \u0648 IMovie\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 (Mirza, 2020) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 20 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Dalim et al., 2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 150 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0645\u062a (Girmen & Umit, 2019) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 22 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2017-2018 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a (Yigit, 2020) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 (Mirza, 2020) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Dalim et al., 2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0645\u062a (Girmen & Umit, 2019) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Dalim et al., 2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a (Yigit, 2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 (Aljaraideh, 2020).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 (Balaman, 2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: <\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u061f<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n