{"id":2617,"date":"2022-01-02T14:58:24","date_gmt":"2022-01-02T14:58:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2617"},"modified":"2022-01-02T14:58:30","modified_gmt":"2022-01-02T14:58:30","slug":"3-1-36","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-1-36\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 (1218-1221\/615-618\u0647\u0640) (\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: saraahmedhistory1991990@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3136<\/p>\n

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\n<\/a><\/p>\n

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\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

A Treatise on Damietta and the Fifth Crusade (1218-1221\/615-618 A.H.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Geniza Crusades Documents)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Sarah Ahmed Hassan1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> PhD in Medieval History \/ Faculty of Arts – Alexandria University<\/p>\n

Email: saraahmedhistory1991990@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3136<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/01\/2022 Accepted at 22\/12\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

There are many contemporary sources or late sources as well as eyewitness sources that spoke about the Crusades, but we wanted to present a source that most historians of medieval history were not accustomed to dealing with, namely The Cairo Geniza Documents, which were written by Egyptian Jews in the medieval period, and the current study presents To translate and investigate one of the documents of the Cairo Geniza written in Judeo-Arabic, which describes the state of the city of Damietta at the time of the Fifth Crusade against Egypt (1218-1221\/615-618 AH), and what happened to the city in terms of closing its markets, stopping the movement of buying and selling in it, And finally the establishment of some fortifications in the city, such as digging trenches around the city to protect it from the attack of the Crusaders.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>The Cairo Geniza documents – Crusades – Fifth Crusade -Damietta.<\/p>\n

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\n

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\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u062e\u0631\u0629) (<\/sup>[4]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u00ab\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u00bb(<\/sup>[5]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a) \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627 (\u062c\u0631\u0649) \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0638\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0647(<\/sup>[6]<\/a>) <\/sup>\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0623\u064f(<\/sup>[7]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062a(<\/sup>[8]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0627 (\u0634\u0627\u0621) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062a(<\/sup>[9]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u00ab\u0639\u0631\u0644\u00bb \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627) \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648 (\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627) \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c(<\/sup>[10]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0644\u064a(<\/sup>[11]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0639\u0647\u0627(<\/sup>[12]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648 (\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644(<\/sup>[13]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0636 (\u0641\u064a\u0636)(<\/sup>[14]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(<\/sup>[15]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621)\u00bb\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648 (\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627) \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u00bb \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0652 (\u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0642\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062c\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0634\u0644\u0645\u0647 (\u0634\u0644\u0645\u0648) \u0647\u0634\u0631\u00bb…\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621)\u00bb \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0622\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0647 (\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u00bb \u0641\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u00bb \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a\u0647 (\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a\u0647)\u061b \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627 (\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0649) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0644 (\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644) \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0645 (\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\n

\u062c\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0646\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c(<\/sup>[16]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u063a\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a (\u0623\u0628\u0648) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u00bb \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u00ab\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u00bb \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0648 (\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u00bb \u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u060c(<\/sup>[17]<\/a>) <\/sup>\u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0623\u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621)\u00bb \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0645\u0646…\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u062d \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 T-S 13J13.25\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u00ab \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0645 T-S 16.286 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1219\u0645\/616\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n

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\n

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\n

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\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u00ab\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648-\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648- \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n
  2. The Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection, at Cambridge University Library, 1898; The Friedberg Jewish Manuscript Society; Princeton Geniza Project Lab, Princeton University, New Jersey, 2005.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Jacques de Vitry, The exempla or illustrative stories from the Sermones Vulgares of Jacques de Vitry, Edited Crane, Thomas Frederick, Folk-lore Society, London,1890. Oliver of Paderborn, Christian Society and the Crusades, 1198-1229: Sources in Translation, Including” The Capture of Damietta” by Oliver of Paderborn, Edited by Peters, E, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2011.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627:- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 562 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 628\u0647\u0640\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0642\u060c 11\u062c\u060c \u06374\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c2003\u0645\u060c \u062c\u064010.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631) \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1903\u0645.<\/li>\n
      3. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 (\u062a 1485\u0645\/890\u0647\u0640) \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1984\u0645.<\/li>\n
      4. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f (\u062a 1679\u0645\/1089\u0647\u0640) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a: \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c10\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1986\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06407.<\/li>\n
      5. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 (\u062a 1349\u0645\/749\u0647\u0640) \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c 2\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 1940\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06402.<\/li>\n
      6. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (\u062a 1406\u0645\/808\u0647\u0640) \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2001\u0645.<\/li>\n
      7. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 (\u062a 1470\u0645\/874\u0647\u0640) \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c16\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c1935\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06405.<\/li>\n
      8. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (\u062a 1373\u0645\/774\u0647\u0640) \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0651: \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2007\u0645.<\/li>\n
      9. \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 (569-589\u0647\u0640)\u060c 5\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1957\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06402.<\/li>\n
      10. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621 (\u062a 1331\u0645\/732\u0647\u0640) \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u0640 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c4\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1904\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06403.<\/li>\n
      11. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651 (\u062a 1228\u0645\/626\u0647\u0640) \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c 5\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1977\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06402.<\/li>\n
      12. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0651 (\u062a 1370\u0645\/771\u0647\u0640) \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0651: \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1986\u0645.<\/li>\n
      13. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c2\u062c \u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06402.<\/li>\n
      14. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 (\u062a 1451\u0645\/ 855\u0647\u0640) \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651: \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c4\u062c\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2010\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06404.<\/li>\n
      15. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0651 (\u062a 947\u0645\/336\u0647\u0640) \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0651: \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c 1906\u0645.<\/li>\n
      16. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651 (\u062a 1442\u0645\/845\u0647\u0640) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c8\u062c \u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c1997\u0645 \u060c \u062c\u06401.<\/li>\n
      17. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u062a 1267\u0645\/665\u0647\u0640) \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 5\u062c \u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2002\u0645.<\/li>\n
      18. \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u061b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 4\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c (\u062c\u06401\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1\u060c2)).<\/li>\n
      19. \u0633\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0651 (\u062a 1256\u0645\/654\u0647\u0640) \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0632\u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c 23\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2013\u0645\u060c \u062c\u064019.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a (\u062a 1240\u0645\/637\u0647\u0640): \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 1200-1240\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c 2005\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627:- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Ashur,A, Between Egypt and Yemen in the Cairo Genizah, University of Cambridge, Center for the Study of Conversion and Inter-religious Encounters, Ben Gurion University, Israel, 2014.<\/li>\n
          2. Cha, M.W, The Crusades, their influence and their relevance for today, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2006.<\/li>\n
          3. Daly, m. w. & Petry, c. f, The Cambridge history of egypt, islamic egypt 640- 1517, 2 VOL, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 2008, VOL I.<\/li>\n
          4. Falk, A, Franks and Saracens: reality and fantasy in the crusades, Karnac Books Ltd, London, 2010.<\/li>\n
          5. Goitein,S.D, Amediterranean socity the jewish communities of the world as portrayed in the document of the cairo geniza: Economic foundations ,2 VOL, THE Near Eastern Center, University of California, los angeles, 1999, VOL I.<\/li>\n
          6. Bramoull\u00e9, D, Alexandrie, les Fatimides et la mer (969-1171), Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-Jean Jaur\u00e8s, France, 2011.<\/li>\n
          7. Smith, Thomas William, Pope Honorius III and the Holy Land Crusades, 1216-1227: A Study in responsive papal government, University of London, London, 2013.<\/li>\n
          8. Schechter, S, The Genizah of medieval cairo , Exhibion guide and translations, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom , 2016.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \n

            \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627:- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1972\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06402.<\/li>\n
            2. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631(\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631): \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 4\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c \u062c\u06401\u060c 2.<\/li>\n
            3. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c 2011\u0645.<\/li>\n
            4. \u062c\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1992\u0645.<\/li>\n
            5. \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1971\u0645.<\/li>\n
            6. \u0631\u0634\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651 567 – 648\u0647\u0640\/ 1171-1250\u0645)\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2010\u0645.<\/li>\n
            7. \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c 1967\u0645.<\/li>\n
            8. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631): \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\u062c\u060c \u06379\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2010\u0645\u060c \u062c2.<\/li>\n
            9. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1996\u0645.<\/li>\n
            10. \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f10\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 16\u060c 2009\u0645.<\/li>\n
            11. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631): \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 1218-1221\u0645\/ 615-618\u0647\u0640\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1985\u0645.<\/li>\n
            12. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1095-1291\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645.<\/li>\n
            13. \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u06374\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004.<\/li>\n
            14. \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 (\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631): \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2001.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627:- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1997\u0645.<\/li>\n
              2. \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629) \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c 3\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1994\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06403.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627:- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 12\/4\/2017\u0645.<\/li>\n
                2. \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631): \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (596-648\u0647\u0640\/1173-1250\u0645)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (22)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2015\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. – Ashur,A, Between Egypt and Yemen in the Cairo Genizah, University of Cambridge, Center for the Study of Conversion and Inter-religious Encounters, Ben Gurion University, Israel, 2014, p.2. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  2. – \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 12\/4\/2017\u0645. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  3. – \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648- \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.\n

                    \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

                    Schechter, T, Genizah Fragments, The Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection, at Cambridge University Library, 1898; The Friedberg Jewish Manuscript Society. (Translation by sara ahmed hassan from Judaeo-Arabic); Goitein,S.D & Frenkel, M & others, Princeton Geniza Project Lab, Princeton University, New Jersey, 2005. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  4. – \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  5. – \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  6. – \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 4\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u06351441. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  7. – \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  8. – \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  9. – \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  10. – \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  11. – \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  12. – \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06401\u060c 294. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  13. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635257. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  14. – \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u06374\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635708. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  15. – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0651: \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1986\u0645\u060c \u063534. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c 2011\u0645\u060c \u0635117. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  16. – \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  17. – \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062c\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1992\u0645\u060c \u0635136. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  18. – \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u061b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 4\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1)\u060c \u0635410.\n

                    Goitein,S.D, Amediterranean socity the jewish communities of the world as portrayed in the document of the cairo geniza: Economic foundations ,2 VOL, THE Near Eastern Center, University of California, los angeles, 1999, VOL I ,p102-103; Bramoull\u00e9, D, Alexandrie, les Fatimides et la mer (969-1171), Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-Jean Jaur\u00e8s, France, 2011, p4. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  19. – \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1)\u060c \u0635410\u061b \u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c 5\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1977\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u0635273. \u0631\u0634\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651 567 – 648\u0647\u0640\/ 1171-1250\u0645)\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2010\u0645\u060c \u0635144.\n

                    Daly, m. w. & Petry, c. f, The Cambridge history of egypt, islamic egypt 640- 1517, 2 VOL, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 2008, VOL I, p158. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  20. – \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1)\u060c \u0635410\u061b \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1984\u0645\u060c \u0635274. \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c 1967\u0645\u060c \u063552\u061b \u0631\u0634\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635144.\n

                    Goitein,S.D, op.cit, VOL I ,p102-103, 197; Bramoull\u00e9, D, op.cit, p4. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  21. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c 5\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1957\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u063553. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  22. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c8\u062c \u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c1997\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06401\u060c \u0635220. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1972\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u0635224-225\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 1218-1221\u0645\/ 615-618\u0647\u0640\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1985\u0645\u060c \u0635187. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  23. – \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1997\u0645\u060c \u063513. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  24. – \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a: \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 1200-1240\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c \u0635107\u061b \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 5\u062c \u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2002\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06405\u060c \u0635176\u061b \u0633\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0651: \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c 23\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2013\u0645\u060c \u062c\u064022\u060c \u0635238\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651: \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c4\u062c\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2010\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06404\u060c \u063510\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c16\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c1935\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06406\u060c \u0635238. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u0635651\u061b \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\u062c\u060c \u06379\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2010\u0645\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635221\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627:\n

                    Oliver of Paderborn, Christian Society and the Crusades, 1198-1229: Sources in Translation, Including” The Capture of Damietta” by Oliver of Paderborn, Edited by Peters, E, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 2011, p94.\u200f \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  25. – \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635107. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  26. – Smith, Thomas William, Pope Honorius III and the Holy Land Crusades, 1216-1227: A Study in responsive papal government, University of London, London, 2013, p77; Schechter, T, Genizah Fragments,The Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection; Goitein,S.D & Frenkel, M & Others, Princeton Geniza Project Lab; Goitein,S.D, op.cit, VOL I ,p37. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  27. – \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635106\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627:\n

                    Jacques de Vitry, The exempla or illustrative stories from the Sermones Vulgares of Jacques de Vitry, Edited Crane, Thomas Frederick, Folk-lore Society, London,1890, p.xxxi; Oliver of Paderborn, op.cit, p72.\u200f \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  28. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06406\u060c \u0635 247. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  29. – \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1)\u060c \u0635692. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  30. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06406\u060c \u0635226. \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629) \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c 3\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1994\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06403\u060c \u0635197-198 \u061b \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635213. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  31. – \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06401\u060c \u0635119\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c2\u062c \u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u0635201-202. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  32. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06406\u060c \u0635221. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  33. – \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635106\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 562 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 628\u0647\u0640\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0642\u060c 11\u062c\u060c \u06374\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c2003\u0645\u060c \u062c\u064010\u060c \u0635375\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403\u060c \u0635259\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c\u06401\u060c \u0635220\u061b. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1095-1291\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0635253. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  34. – \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0624\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0651: : \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c 1906\u0645\u060c \u0635206\u061b \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1)\u060c \u0635693\u060c 696. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  35. – \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1)\u060c \u0635691\u061b \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f2)\u060c \u06351534.\n

                    Jacques de Vitry, op.cit, p.xxx. Cha, M.W, The Crusades, their influence and their relevance for today, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2006, p27; Falk, A, Franks and Saracens: reality and fantasy in the crusades, Karnac Books Ltd, London, 2010, p172; Smith, Thomas William, op.cit, p82.\u200f\u200f \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  36. – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0635190-191. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  37. – \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063571\u060c 103. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635191.\n

                    Oliver of Paderborn, op.cit, p62.\u200f \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  38. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1903\u0645\u060c \u063595. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  39. – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0635193\u060c224\u060c280\u061b \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1996\u0645\u060c \u063538-39\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635255- 259\u061b \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u0635 218\u060c 220\u061b \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (596-648\u0647\u0640\/1173-1250\u0645)\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (22)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2015\u0645\u060c \u0635298.\n

                    Falk, A, op.cit, p173. Cha, M.W, op.cit, p28; \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  40. – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0635193. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  41. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u064010\u060c \u0635380\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403\u060c \u0635258.\n

                    Daly, m. w. & Petry, c. f, op.cit, VOL I, p222. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  42. – \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635151. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635257\u061b \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f10\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 16\u060c 2009\u0645\u060c \u0635165\u061b \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u0635209. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  43. – \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403\u060c \u0635215.\n

                    Falk, A, op.cit, p167.\u200f \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  44. – \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635109. \u200f \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  45. – \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0635142.\n

                    Cha, M.W , op.cit, p28.\u200f \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  46. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u064010\u060c \u0635380\u061b \u0633\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u064022\u060c \u0635256-259\u061b \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06405\u060c \u0635197\u061b \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c4\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1904\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06403\u060c \u0635129\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06404\u060c \u063594\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c 2\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c 1940\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u0635142\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2001\u0645\u060c \u06351438\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f: \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c10\u062c\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1986\u0645\u060c \u062c\u06407\u060c \u0635140-141\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063595-96. \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1971\u0645\u060c \u063546\u061b \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403\u060c \u0635206\u061b \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u06402\u060c \u0635226.\n

                    Jacques de Vitry, op.cit, p.xxxii; Oliver of Paderborn, op.cit, 2011,p84,130. Ludlow, J, op.cit, Vol. 6, p312; Falk, A, op.cit, p174; Smith, Thomas William, op.cit, p15,55.\u200f \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n

                  47. – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1146\u0645\/540\u0647\u0640 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1196\u0645\/592\u0647\u0640 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1200\u0645\/596\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1248\u0645\/615\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1)\u060c \u0635695\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403\u060c \u0635270. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  48. – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2007\u0645\u060c \u0635618\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c\u06401\u060c \u0635220. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
                  49. \n

                    – \u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c\u06403(\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f2)\u060c \u06351245-1246\u061b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u062c\u06406\u060c \u0635243.<\/p>\n

                    Oliver of Paderborn, op.cit, p131-132. Falk, A, op.cit, p168, 174.\u200f \u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    \u062f. \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u06461 1 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: saraahmedhistory1991990@gmail.com HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3136 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/01\/2022\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 22\/12\/2021\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2617","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2617"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2617\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2654,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2617\/revisions\/2654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}